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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2015-0804 Documents Submitted at Mtg P~..bt ~e. '~oi~~►,. s~wiZ~t Confronting Climate Change Likely Climate Trends and Consequences for the Rogue Valley Summer = June to Aug; Winter = Dec to Feb Projections for 2035 - 2045 Projections for 2075-2085 Average Annual Increase 1.5 to 4 F 4.3 to 8.2 F TEMPERATURE1 Average Summer Increase 1 to 6 F 5.6 to 11.8 F August Increase 1 to 7.5 F 6.7 to 16.80F Average Winter Increase 1 to 3.5 F 3.4 to 6,3 F Summer= June to Aug; Winter= Dec to Feb Projections for 2035 - 2045 Projections for 2075-2085 PRECIPITATION1 Average annual change -4.46 to +0.04 inches -5.56 to +11.81 inches Average summer change -0.65 to -0.34 inches -0.75 to -0.12 inches Average winter change +0.33 to +1.83 inches -0.40 to + 5.67 inches Rising temperatures will likely cause precipitation to fall as rain at lower elevations rather than as snow on peaks so average SNOWFALLZ January snowpack will decrease; by 2035 - 2045 snowpack may be reduced 60 - 65% and by 2075 - 2085 as much as 90%. This will likely reduce run-off during late summer/ fall and substantially reduce available irrigation and drinking water. Weather variability is likely to increase as both wet and dry cycles are likely to increase in length and severity. Many more days SEVERE WEATHER2 are likely to exceed 90°F and 100°F while more heavy rainfall days are likely. More precipitation falling as rain at low elevations MWA rather than snow at high elevations is likely to increased flash flood frequency in Winter and Spring. Longer droughts and higher temperatures with more intense heat waves will likely increase substantially the amount of WILDFIRESZ (vegetation) forest lost to wildfire. With warming and drying, climatic conditions will likely become more appropriate for deciduous forest communities such as oaks VEGETATION2 and other hardwoods while conditions for higher elevation spruce/fir/hemlock communities will be severely compromised and those for Douglas fir will likely be reduced in area. Grassland and scrubland conditions are likely to expand as forest conditions diminish. With increases in storms and fires, enhanced soil erosion will likely cause greater stream sediment and mineral build-up. NATIVE AQUATIC Increased summer air temperatures will elevate water temperatures reducing critical dissolved oxygen concentrations and SYSTEMS2 potentially enhancing bacterial and disease conditions. Reduced snowpack and earlier snowmelt will likely modify current stream flow patterns. With warmer water temperatures earlier aquatic insect emergence is probable, compromising historic food availability pulses for migratory fish. Reduction in conditions for many native fish species may be accompanied by range expansion of non-native species. Probable increase in wildfires and lengthened fire seasons may induce dramatic shifts in vegetation communities towards more NATIVE TERRESTRIAL W fire-adapted associations. Both invasive and non-native species abundances may be enhanced as natives are reduced. SYSTEMS2 Particularly at risk are mature forests and the wildlife species they support as well as amphibians which will have limited dispersal capacity conditions become dryer. Disruption of synchronicity is likely between insect development and nesting / hatching particularly of migrant bird species. Bark beetle conditions will be enhanced, increasing the threat to native forests. 1 Compiled by Alan Journet, Ph.D., K. A. CONJOUR Consulting, 2011. (http://-kacon*our.com/Consulting/--KAConJour Consulting.htm), using data provided by the Geos Institute (Ashland, OR) obtained from the MAPSS team of the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station (Corvallis, OR) based on three General Circulation Models (HADLEY, MIROC, and CSIRO). Future conditions are compared to the historical (1961-1990) average. 2 Largely Doppelt, B., Hamilton, R., Deacon Williams, C., Koopman, M., 2008. Preparing for Climate Change in the Rogue River Basin of Southwest Oregon; Prepared by: The Climate Leadership Initiative, The National Center for Conservation Science and Policy (now Geos Institute), and MAPSS Team at the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. http://www.geosinstitute.org ini~&es stories dfs Publications/ClimateWise/ROGUEWORKSHOP FINALsinglewebsite.pdf Edited: June 2 nd 2013 Contact Us .-.'~~<< Water Conservation Division }lfn r~ R 3p_ Ikcch r hrtckei ill rota hstthrootrr mnellnr ltiitcltcrr P b ` ;rnd under vou► hanrno haskcts to collect atcr! This w-'Iter can be used a~airt l'or ~ zttcrin Resources & Questions: www.ashland.or.us/conserve, "I`rv 11sit7 innt."atiN e aN ot`rrt~~in ~c et.rhles, www.ashland.or.us/drought2015~ such as ern ac~r ~;~r}nic ! <rrrlery. www.ashlandsaveswater.org Rather th,trt lettio.~ the "11) rtmr 111161 co(d, put a Conservation Staff: (541) 552-2062 pitchcrofdrinkirt~~ %aterio the tnd 'r• Watering Infoline: (541) 552-2057 Email: julie.smitherman@ashiand.or.us e .p,`E train your kids` pool by potrr•ioi* tile ondcr 51 Winburn Way ' - Ashland, OR 97520 1 ';rslt Yom. pet olikidc er an area that needs ~cate n~~; Learn how you can help to Collect raimtiater to use I'ol-.N oor plants preserve Ashland's precious water CITY C)►F supply during drou-lit ASHLAND Createdin ~ , u l i c Sinilhcrm~ui C I T Y Of ~ ? t:1 Ctm~l~nc;Autsburprr ASHLAND R.,intl~tll I itr~uilri~a, -'i Water plants only when they need it r Turn water off when you brush your teeth .'t Prioritize your watering needs by watering trees ,r Take short showers instead of baths first then shrubs and flowers and then lawn r Apply for rebates from the city when purchasing ,r Check soil moisture before watering by using a EnergyStarT"' and WaterSenseT"' appliances, soil moisture meter such as toilets, dishwashers, and clothes washers ~r Let the soil dry between watering. Roots will Avoid letting the water run when rinsing grow deeper looking for water below the surface vegetables, cleaning dishes or defrosting food r Fix leaks promptly. Even a small faucet drip can ~r Adjust sprinkler timers throughout the summer waste several gallons of water each day to account for current weather conditions -t Wait until you have a full load of dishes before :r Adjust sprinklers so only plants are being running your dishwasher Ashland's primary source of water is collected from watered and not the street or sidewalk ,:r When washing clothes, adjust the water level to rainfall and snowmelt in the Ashland Creek ~r Check for leaks (read your meter) fit the size of the load Watershed and stored in Reeeder Reservoir high above town. =f Use sprinkler timers to avoid overwatering r Avoid using the toilet as a wastebasket r Water between the hours of 8 PM and 6 AM We depend on the snowpack that collects in our ;erS<' watershed to be there to refill our reservoir and get =r Add mulch to your garden beds to lock in~~~ moisture and minimize evaporation r~ us through the summer months. ;t Cove- the swimming pool to reduce evaporation EPA The lack of snowpack this past winter means our water supply is limited and we all need to make sure Wash your car using a bucket we are using our water as efficiently as possible. Reading Your Meter g y rr Sweep instead of hosing off driveways, g, 11 od sidewalks, and steps "o-l'in The good news is that there are a lot of simple ways o to reduce the amount of water we use both indoors Replace lawn areas with drought tolerant plants; 9 and outdoors; here are our programs and some great ask about our Lawn Replacement Program! d a R .2 water saving tips! -'r Visit Ashland's WaterWise website when .7 cu°'c PEE, °3 deciding what to plant at ash landsaveswater.org 6 Is A CO 1, I Cubic foot ~ocubic reel Lawn Replacement Program ' ' C)domem, 90R cubic i`erl Sprinkler System Evaluations 1 Read the "odometer" on two consecutive days «r , Indoor Water Use Evaluations and subtract the second number from the first Toilet, dishwasher and clothes washer rebates to get the total daily usage in cubic feet. Giveaways (showerheads, aerators, toilet leak Call the Conservation Division to schedule Multiply that number by 7.48 to get your usage in tablets> and moisture meters n gallons. ) an indoor or outdoor water audit! r 'I Contact Us 4Xe Deciduous trees typically lose their leaves seasonally, usually during the autumn months. They have flat, broad leaves, used to catch Water Conservation Division light. Deciduous trees can be found in most regions of the u . 'y world. A few deciduous trees G' t commonly found in Ashland are Madrones Willows, Alders, Cottonwoods, Ashes, and California Black Oaks. These trees are mostly tolerant of poorly drained soils, with high clay content. Resources & Questions- www.ashland.or.us/conserve Coniferous trees typically grow cones, and have leaves that are either long, pointed needles or are www.ashlandsaveswater.orq small, flat scales. Most coniferous trees are also Conservation Staff: (541) 552-2062 l f~ evergreens, but it is important to J note that not all coniferous trees Watering Infoline: (541) 552-2057 y` Email: julie.smitherman ashland.or.us jj~jl > are evergreens. Coniferous trees @ 4 a t j i ng common to this area are Douglas Fir, White Fir, Sugar Pine, 51 Wlnburn Way Ponderosa Pine, and Cedar. Ashland, OR 97520 These trees prefer well drained soils, with high sand content. Learn how Ashlancl residents Fruit trees are similar to similar to decid ` uo•'"`us trees in that they C I T Y O F can properly and efficiently lose their leaves seasonally. The difference is that ASHLAND water their trees fruit grows seasonally, ranging from late spring to early winter. Some fruit trees around Ashland are Apple, Cherry, Fig, Plum, and Pear. Most are tolerant of poorly drained soil and prefer full sun. ~r V > 1 YO 5~.. Ott _ ~y'. C I ent cd 1)~ Julie Smilhcnuun c r 1.01 ;~y; G ~~arol~,nr :lu,;Ixu.~cry5 1-11, A N D Iur~Lu) I_,~~i; How [Vitich to Water Soil Types Sy>lr;<ptolrns of Drought As a general rule of thumb, for every one inch of trunk Determining what texture of soil you have is crucial to A Wilting or browning leaves on deciduous trees caliper (tree diameter), your tree needs 5-10 gallons of knowing how well it will absorb water and which A Deciduous trees dropping leaves prematurely water; how often will depend on the maturity of the tree. watering technique is best suited for your trees. L3 Short flowering time on fruit trees Irrescapceanada eu ' A Fruit dropping ' Clay Loam Sand prematurely from , fruit trees 1 n ( t l 1} A Conifer needles ~ t changing to yellow, 4•=~' - red, or purple > """nr t;r I) Cracking wood or bark Hoer Often to Water of ~C~venvatering 1n droul;hl, tkm't stop iti~aicrinr, alto<ethcr, dnI,,vmk Jo polcon, Symptoms ~ Clay Soils hold water well and cause water to spread out A Yellow leaves, usually starting on the lower branches, Young trees (1-3 years) generally require about 5-7 horizontally. Loam Soils contain a high amount of broken at the inside of the gallons per week for every one inch of trunk caliper. down, organic matter. Sandy Soils are less likely to have canopy -mow Mature trees require 8-10 gallons about every two weeks runoff and water tends to run straight down. Ll. Wilting of young for every one inch of trunk caliper. shoots A Brittle, green leaves Slope (i to Water Soil type and slope determine how effectively water will Black or dark brown There are several different ways to water your trees. absorb into the ground and reach the tree's roots. roots (root rot) Open the hose slightly with a timer on the spigot When watering in steep slope areas, it is crucial to apply A Fungus or algae growing on the soil surface or on Use a soaker hose around the canopy line of the tree water slowly to prevent water from running off. surface roots Water with a drip irrigation system 6 Use a 5 gallon bucket with small holes drilled into it Use a small sprinkler on hose with timer on spigot Benefits of Mulching When in Doubt:, Call all A rbm-i'st Mulching reduces soil moisture loss, insulates soil which Arborists are professionals trained in the art and science of protects roots from extreme temperatures, and improves planting and maintaining trees. They are trained to Where to Water soil fertility as the mulch decomposes. Provide proper care. If you have any questions or concerns To encourage outward root growth, water deeply and at regarding the health and safety of your trees, call a local the edge of the canopy, rather than right next to the trunk. Mulchvohano - BAD ProperMuldinq arborist for recommendations. roots r ~ Irrigate _ ✓ i' Yc By correctly using mulch, building a water basin around f` the tree trunk, and watering slowly in multiple cycles, s~ your trees will thrive.