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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016-1031 Study Session PACKET CITY OF ASHLAND CITY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION AGENDA Monday, October 31, 2016 Siskiyou Room, 51 Winburn Way 5: 30 p.m. Study Session 1. Public Input (15 minutes maximum) 2. Look Ahead review 3. Presentation on Electric Cost of Service study Immediately following the study session the Council will hold an Executive Session for real property transaction pursuant to ORS 192.660(2)(e). In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Administrator's office at (541) 488-6002 (TTY phone number 1-800-735- 2900). Notification 72 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to the meeting (28 CFR 35.102-35.104 ADA Title I). COUNCIL MEETINGS ARE BROADCAST LIVE ON CHANNEL 9. STARTING APRIL 15, 2014, CHARTER CABLE WILL BROADCAST MEETINGS ON CHANNEL 180 OR 181. VISIT THE CITY OF ASHLAND'S WEB SITE AT WWW.ASHLAND.OR.US City of Ashland Council Meeting Look Ahead *****THIS IS A DRAFT AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE***** - - Dep Responsible 11114 11/15 1215 1216 12119 12/20 112 113 1116 1/17 1/24 216 217 2/20 2121 11/14 6:301 .m. Stud Session in Sou Room 11114 1 Discussion of construction excise tax (request of Councilor Marsh Admin Ss 2 Review and discussion of SDC committee rate recommendations PW Ss Mike 11115 Regular Council Meeting 11115 3 Annual presentation by Housing and Human Services Commission Cam Dev PRES Bill 4 Resolution to adopt Public Art Mural Guidelines Ann Admin CONS 5 Approval of Medford Water Commission contract Mike PW CONS 6 Discussion of removing public art review and approval requirements Admin NEW from Chapter 18 of the Ashland Municipal Code Ann 7 An ordinance regarding water use outside city limits David Legal ORD-1 ORD-2 12/5 Stud Session in Siski ou Room 12/5 8 Discussion of Eugene car camping model (request of Mayor Admin Ss Stromber 1216 Regular Council Meeting 1216 9 Annual presentation b the Planning Commission Bill Com Dev PRES 10 Approval of a reso for reimbursement of Crowson II Project Bev Finance CONS 11 Resolution re: reimbursement of water treatment debt Dave Admin CONS 12 Acceptance of Canvass of the Vote Barbara Recorder CONS 13 A roval of SDC rate resolution Mike PW CONS 14 Acce tance of the CAFR Bev Finance NEW 15 Appointment of Council Liaison and member at large - Audit Committee Recorder NEW Barbara 16 Appointment of Citizen Budget member Barbara Recorder NEW 17 An ordinance regarding water use outside city limits David Legal ORD-2 1219 Stud Session in Siski ou Room 12119 18 Discussion of upcoming budget issues Dave/Bev Admin Finance SS 19 Presentation and discussion of infill strategies Bill SS 12120 Regular Council Meeting 12120 20 City hall discussion continued Mike/Dave PW Admin UNFIN 21 Continued discussion/approval of Lithia Way/Pioneer St. beautification PW UNFIN project Mike 22 Discussion of Electric rate design Mark Electric NEW 23 Annual Review of Investment Policy Barbara Recorder NEW 24 Ordinance inacting state statutes related to the You Have Options Police Legal ORD-1 ORD-2 program Ti he/Dave L. 112 Stud Session canceled due to New Years Holiday 1/2 113 Regular Council Meeting 1/3 25 Swearing in of city council members Barbara Recorder SWRG 26 Proclamation re arin Christmas Tree-cycle Da Diana Admin PROC 27 Ordinance inacting state statutes related to the You Have Options Police Legal ORD-2 ro ram Ti he/Dave L. 1116 Stud Session canceled due to MILK Jr. Da 1116 1117 Regular Council Meeting 1117 Page 1 of 2 10/2712016 City of Ashland Council Meeting Look Ahead *****THIS IS A DRAFT AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE***** Departments - - - - Responsible 11114 11/15 12/5 12/6 12/19 12120 1/2 113 1/16 1/17 1124 216 217 2120 2121 ii , 2/6 Stud Session in Siski ou Room 216 28 Jackson County Vector Control concerns (request of Councilor Voisin) Admin SS 2n Regular Council Meeting 2/7 29 Presentation and approval of the Climate and Energy Action Plan Admin NEW Adam 2120 Stud Session canceled due to Presidents' Da 2120 2121 Regular Council Meeting 2/21 Commission Presentation Dates - 2016 February 16 - Transportation Commission March 15 - Tree Commission April 19 - Historic Commission May 17 - Wildfire Mitigation Commission June 7 - Band Board Jul 19 - Forest Lands Commission August 16 - Conservation Commission September 20 - Airport Commission October 18 - Public Arts Commission November 15 - Housing and Human Services Commission December 6 - Planning Commission Discussion of Class & Compensation stud (request of Councilor Voisin Discussion of raising the temperature threshold for declaration of extreme weather emergency shelter (request of Councilor Voisin Discussion of potential solutions to deer problems (request of Councilor Seffinger) Discussion regarding the seismic code U date on internal controls policy Discussion of 10x20 ordinance Page 2 of 2 10/2712016 CITY OF ASHLAND Council Communication October 31, 2016, Study Session Presentation on Electric Cost of Service Study FROM: Mark Holden, director of IT and electric utility, mark. holdenAashland.or.us SUMMARY This is a review of the results of the Electric Cost of Service and Financial Projection (COS) Study for the City's Electric Department. A cost of service study evaluates how a utility's costs are allocated across different customer classes to determine whether those costs are accurately reflected in rates. The COS recommends a series of rate changes over a five-year period. Staff requests guidance to move forward with a rate design using the cost of service model developed in the COS and, subject to future rate review and approval by the Council, implementation of the rates developed as a result of the COS-based rate design process. BACKGROUND AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS: In compliance with Council direction of May 5, 2015, a COS was performed prior to requesting future rate changes. The COS focuses on the long-term financial viability and stability of the Electric Utility. The COS provides guidance to the Electric Department in evaluating and recommending charges and rates. The COS identifies the cost to serve each class of customer and provides a model to ensure these costs are recovered through equitable charge and rate structures (i.e., all classes carry their fair share). Taken together with the Department's Ten Year Capital Plan, the COS provides support for near and long term operation of the Electric Department. The City last performed a cost of service study in Fall 2013. Following a competitive RFP process, The City contracted with Utility Financial Solutions, LLC, to perform the current COS. The COS began in July, 2016 and was completed in October, 2016. Summary of Results • Charge and rate adjustments are needed to reach and maintain long term financial stability • The cost of service model is recommended as the basis for charge and rate decisions o Unbundles (decouples) cost structures - unbundling costs is a process of identifying costs that do not change ("fixed costs") and are not directly related to the consumption (variable) of electricity. The COS assigns unbundled costs to the appropriate customer class fixed charge (Ashland's Basic Fee). Unbundling can ensure the long term safe and reliable operation of the distribution system/utility independent of the variable quantity (or source) of electricity sold. o Equitably assign costs - identifies and assigns the cost to serve customer classes and assigns costs appropriately Page 1 of 4 IF . ,7r CITY OF ASHLAND o Encourages Conservation ■ By uncoupling the Utility's fixed costs from consumptive (usage) rates the Utility need not raise consumptive rates to continue to recover fixed charges as actual consumption flattens/declines (conservation). In addition, the conserving customer will see the direct and motivational benefit of lower consumptive bill charges resulting from the customer's conservation efforts. • Cross-subsidies exist in the current rate structures. Some classes are above the identified cost of service; some classes are below the identified cost of service. The COS ensures each class is paying their share. • The Customer Charge (Ashland's Basic Charge) is proposed to be based on the cost of service for each class of customer. Conservation charges (fixed) are unbundled from usage/consumption and combined with the Customer Charge. Discussion of Results 1. Rate Adjustments: Rate adjustments are necessary for the long term reliability and long term health of the electric system. Rate adjustments are needed to ensure no class of customer is unintentionally burdened with costs beyond those needed to support their usage. A detailed analysis of the costs and cost drivers reveals the need to adjust rates to equitably recover these costs. In addition, the cost of service model provides the flexibility and fairness to develop rates when dealing with innovations in electric service (e.g. efficiency, demand response, distributed energy resources) without unfairly shifting costs to unrelated classes or future generations. 2. Cost of Service: Many municipal electric utilities, electric cooperatives, and Public Utility Districts are operating or moving toward a cost of service model. Investor Owned Utilities (e.g., Pacific Corp, Portland General) operate under the cost of service model. The cost of service model: o Identifies and unbundles costs o Identifies rate classes o Distributes costs to appropriate rate class o Builds a financial model of the Utility based on cost of service o Provides a basis for developing charges and rates o Encourages conservation efforts by decoupling required operational revenue from the effects of encouraging lower consumption The cost of service model developed in the COS analyzes the Electric Department's costs and assigns these costs to the class of customer benefiting from the costs. The cost of service model provides the flexibility, accuracy, fairness, and financial stability needed to operate in an evolving integrated utility environment. 3. Cross-Subsidies: When examined on a cost basis, the current rate structure contains inequities between classes. The cost of service model identifies costs, identifies the classes benefiting from those costs, and assigns the cost to these rate classes. The existing classes are not fully aligned with the COS results. However, the COS analysis shows the current rates are, on average, within 9.5% of the desired goal. Over time, the rates can be brought in line with the Page 2 of 4 ~r CITY OF ^ASHLAND cost of service model without large swings in customer rates (please see below: Table 1: Proposed Rate Changes). 4. Customer Charge: Customer charges (Ashland's current Basic Charge) are adjusted to cover the actual cost to serve each class of customer. Adjustments are meant to eliminate subsidies among classes of customers. As conservation continues to emerge as a higher priority for many utilities, an industry trend is to fund conservation through a fixed monthly customer charge. A fixed conservation charge provides stable funding for conservation efforts and reduces the need to adjust electric rates as the investment in conservation is adjusted up or down. The fixed rate decouples conservation funding from the variability (most often weather related) of electric consumption and could provide stable funding for the forthcoming Climate and Energy Action Plan (LEAP). Staff has completed the cost of service portion of the COS. Subject to Council guidance, a rate design and implementation schedule will be completed by late December, 2016. Implementation of the cost of service based rates, once reviewed and approved by the Council, is anticipated for July 1, 2017. COUNCIL GOALS SUPPORTED: 22. Prepare for the impact of climate change on the community FISCAL IMPLICATIONS: The COS provides the Electric Department with a methodology and road map to accomplish an equitable rate structure where customer classes contribute their fair share and provides for the long term safety, reliability and financial health of the electric system. A summary of rate adjustments recommended in the COS are: Table 1: Proposed Rate Changes Rate Adjustments by FY 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Increase % 6.90 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 Recommended (COS page 7, Table 6 and page 18, Table 15) Notes to Table 1: The rate increase percentage is not a broad application of the single increase percentage across all customer classes. Rather, the rate increase percentage represents the net effect of the class-specific cost of service rates. Since COS revenue for some classes of customers are above and others below the identified cost of service, rates will change an average of 6.9% in FY2018 (range 6.9%:L 2%) and 2.75% in the following years. STAFF RECOMMENDATION AND REQUESTED ACTION: Staff recommends the COS as the basis for future charges and rates. Staff recommends the development of interim, class specific charges and rates to gradually implement (phase in) the COS recommendations. Page 3 of 4 ~r CITY OF ASHLAND Staff is seeking guidance from Council on these points: • Should staff move forward and design charges and rates using the results of the COS (cost of service model)? • Should subsidies in the Government and Municipal customer classes be maintained/increased/decreased/expanded? • Shall staff plan for a phased implementation of the rates developed as a result of the COS (one, two, or three-year phase in)? SUGGESTED MOTION: N/A ATTACHMENTS: Summary Report, CITY OF ASHLAND ELECTRIC DEPARTMENT, "Electric Cost of Service Study and Financial Projection", October 2016 Page 4 of 4 1%V4611 Summary Re rt CITY 0 AN EL TRIC DEPA N Electric Cost of Service Study and Finaritib- e" ion October 2016. Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Specializing in Cost of Service, Rate Design, and Financial Analysis This page intentionally left blank Utility Financial Solutions, LLC October 2016 Mark Holden Director of Electric Utility, Telecom and IT City of Ashland Electric Department 90 N. Mountain Ave Ashland OR Dear Mr Holden; We are pleased to present the Summary Report for the electric cost of service study and financial projection for the City of Ashland Electric Department (Ashland). This report was prepared to provide Ashland with a comprehensive examination of its existing rate structure by an outside party. The specific purposes of this rate study are: • Determine electric utility's revenue requirements for fiscal year 2018 • Identify cross-subsidies that may exist between rate classes • Recommend rate adjustments needed to meet targeted revenue requirements • Identify the appropriate monthly customer charge for each customer class This report includes results of the electric cost of service study and financial projection and recommendations on future rate designs. This report is intended for information and use by the utility and management for the purposes stated above and is not intended to be used by anyone except the specified parties. Sincerely, i Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Mark Beauchamp CPA, MBA, CMA 185 Sun Meadow Ct Holland, MI 49424 S Contents Utility Financial Solutions, LLC TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................3 2. Cost of Service Summary ........................................................................................................................4 Utility Rate Process ...................................................................................................................................................4 Utility Revenue Requirements ..................................................................................................................................4 Projected Cash Flow .................................................................................................................................................5 Minimum Cash Reserve ............................................................................................................................................5 Debt Coverage Ratio .................................................................................................................................................6 Rate of Return ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Recommended Rate Track ........................................................................................................................................7 Cost of Service Summary Results ..............................................................................................................................7 Cost of Service Results 8 Distribution Costs .....................................................................................................................................................9 Power Supply Costs .................................................................................................................................................10 Combined Cost Summary .......................................................................................................................................10 3. Functionalization of Costs .....................................................................................................................11 Transmission ...........................................................................................................................................................11 Distribution .............................................................................................................................................................12 Distribution Customer Types ..................................................................................................................................12 Customer-Related Services .....................................................................................................................................12 Administrative Services ..........................................................................................................................................12 System Losses .........................................................................................................................................................13 4. Unbundling Process ..............................................................................................................................14 Distribution Breakdown ..........................................................................................................................................14 Customer-Related Cost Breakdown ........................................................................................................................15 Power Supply Cost Breakdown ...............................................................................................................................15 5. Significant Assumptions ........................................................................................................................16 Forecasted Operating Expenses .............................................................................................................................16 Load Data ................................................................................................................................................................16 Annual Projection Assumptions ..............................................................................................................................16 City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 1 S Contents Utility Financial Solutions, LLC System Loss Factors ................................................................................................................................................17 Revenue Forecast ...................................................................................................................................................17 6. Recommendations and Additional Information ...................................................................................18 Accountant's Compilation Report ................................................................................................................20 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1- Breakdown of Distribution Costs ................................................................................................14 Figure 2 - Breakdown of Customer Costs ....................................................................................................15 LIST OF TABLES Table 1- Financial Statements (without rate adjustments) ..........................................................................4 Table 2 - Projected Cash Flows (without rate adjustments) .........................................................................5 Table 3 - Minimum Cash Reserves (without rate adjustments) ....................................................................5 Table 4 - Projected Debt Coverage Ratios (without rate adjustments) ........................................................6 Table 5 - Rate of Return Calculation .............................................................................................................7 Table 6 - Recommended Revenue Adjustments ...........................................................................................7 Table 7 - Cost of Service Summary ................................................................................................................8 Table 8 -Average Cost per kWh vs. Average Revenue per kWh ...................................................................8 Table 9 - Distribution Costs by Customer Class (COS) ...................................................................................9 Table 10 - Power Supply Costs by Customer Class ......................................................................................10 Table 11- Total Costs by Customer Class ....................................................................................................10 Table 12 - Breakdown of Ashland Cost Structure .......................................................................................14 Table 13 - Projected Operating Expenses for 2018- 2022 ..........................................................................16 Table 14 - Projection Annual Escalation Factors 2018- 2022 .....................................................................17 Table 15 - Recommended Rate Adjustments 2018- 2022 ..........................................................................18 Table 16 - Cost of Service Summary Results ...............................................................................................18 Table 17 - Customer Charge Comparison ...................................................................................................19 City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 2 sir Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Summary Report 1. Introduction This report was prepared to provide the City of Ashland Electric Department (Ashland) with an electric cost of service study and financial projection and a comprehensive examination of its existing rate structure by an outside party. The specific purposes of the study are identified below: 1) Determine electric utility's revenue requirements for fiscal year 2018. Ashland's revenue requirements were projected for the period from 2018 - 2022 and included adjustments for the following: a. Projected power costs b. Capital improvement plan projected over next five years 2) Identify cross-subsidies that may exist between rate classes. Cross-subsidies exist when certain customer classes subsidize the electric costs of other customers. The rate study identifies if cross-subsidies exist and practical ways to reduce the subsidies. The cost of service study was completed using 2018 projected revenues and expenses. The financial projections are for the period from 2018 - 2022. 3) Recommend rate adjustments needed to meet targeted revenue requirements. The primary purpose of this study is to identify appropriate revenue requirements and the rate adjustments needed to meet targeted revenue requirements. The report includes a long-term rate track for Ashland to help ensure the financial stability of the utility in future years. 4) Unbundled electric rates. The cost of providing electricity to customers consists of a number of components, including power generation, distribution, customer services, transmission, and transfers to the general fund. Electric unbundling identifies the cost of each component to aid the utility understanding of its cost structure. 5) Identify the appropriate monthly customer charge for each customer class. The monthly customer charge consists of fixed costs to service customers that do not vary based on the amount of electricity used. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 3 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC 2. Cost of Service Summary Utility Rate Process Ashland retained Utility Financial Solutions to review utility rates and cost of service and make recommendations on the appropriate course of action. This report includes results of the electric cost of service and unbundling study and recommendations on future rate designs. Utility Revenue Requirements To determine revenue requirements, the revenues and expenses for Fiscal Years 2014, 2015 and 2016, 2017 budget were analyzed, with adjustments made to reflect projected operating characteristics. The projected financial statements are for cost of service purposes only. Table 1 is the projected financial statement for the Electric Department from 2018-2022. The 2018 rate of return calculation established an operating income target of $514k (See Table 5). Operating income for 2018 is projected at $(861)k and increases to $(1.9)M in 2022. Operating income is one target that helps to determine if rate adjustments are needed. The following pages review cash flow and other factors which can be important indicators. Table 1- Financial Statements (without rate adjustments) Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Operating Revenues: Electric Sales Intergovernmental 184,500 189,113 193,840 198,686 203,653 Charges for Services 14,466,358 14,498,322 14,529,240 14,553,779 14,578,179 Other Charges for Services Revenue (not rates) 260,350 266,859 273,530 280,368 287,378 Miscellaneous 111,788 112,035 112,273 112,463 112,652 Total Operating Revenues $ 15,022,996 $ 15,066,327 $ 15,108,884 $ 15,145,297 $ 15,181,862 Operating Expenses: Purchases Electric - Supply $ 6,886,756 $ 6,901,972 $ 7,055,024 $ 7,349,618 $ 7,361,940 Electric - Transmission 957,477 957,477 976,626 1,015,691 1,015,691 Total Power Supply Expense $ 7,844,232 $ 7,859,449 $ 8,031,651 $ 8,365,309 $ 8,377,631 Distribution Electric - Distribution $ 3,500,018 $ 3,587,519 $ 3,677,207 $ 3,769,137 $ 3,863,365 Total Distribution Expense $ 3,500,018 $ 3,587,519 $ 3,677,207 $ 3,769,137 $ 3,863,365 Other Operating Expenses (Revenues) Admin - Conservation $ 739,153 $ 757,631 $ 776,572 $ 795,987 $ 815,886 Electric - Supply (non BPA) 97,990 100,440 102,951 105,525 108,163 Franchise Fee 1,472,671 1,476,518 1,480,277 1,483,415 1,486,556 Allocations Central Service - Power Supply (non BPA) 385,060 394,687 404,554 414,668 425,034 Central Service - Distribution 857,095 878,522 900,485 922,997 946,072 Use of Facilities Charge - Distribution 133,250 136,581 139,996 143,496 147,083 Technology Debt - Distribution 541,300 541,300 541,300 541,300 541,300 Depreciation Expense 313,406 325,406 349,406 373,406 397,406 Total Other Operating Expenses $ 4,539,924 $ 4,611,085 $ 4,695,541 $ 4,780,793 $ 4,867,500 Total Operating Expenses $ 15,884,175 $ 16,058,053 $ 16,404,398 $ 16,915,239 $ 17,108,497 Operating Income $ (861,179) $ (991,725) $ (1,295,515) $ (1,769,941) $ (1,926,635) City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 4 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Projected Cash Flow Table 2 is the projected cash flow for 2018-2022, including projections of capital improvements as provided by Ashland. Changes in the capital improvement plan can greatly affect the cash balance and recommended minimum cash reserve target. The cash balance for 2018 is projected at $163k and $(6.85)M in 2022. The recommended minimum cash reserve level for 2018 is $3M and $3.25M for 2022. Table 2 - Projected Cash Flows (without rate adjustments) Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Projected Cash Flows Net Income $ (855,886) $ (991,861) $ (1,296,193) $ (1,770,349) $ (1,926,770) Depreciation Expense/Amortization 313,406 325,406 349,406 373,406 397,406 Subtract Debt Principal (21,714) (21,714) (21,714) (21,714) (21,714) Cash Available from Operations $ (564,194) $ (688,170) $ (968,502) $ (1,418,657) $ (1,551,079) Estimated Annual Capital Additions 576,050 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 Net Cash From Operations $ (1,140,244) $ (1,288,170) $ (1,568,502) $ (2,018,657) $ (2,151,079) Beginning Cash Balance $ 1,303,054 $ 162,810 $ (1,125,360) $ (2,693,862) $ (4,712,519) Ending Cash Balance $ 162,810 $ (1,125,360) $ (2,693,862) $ (4,712,519) $ (6,863,598) Total Cash Available $ 162,810 $ (1,125,360) $ (2,693,862) $ (4,712,519) $ (6,863,598) Recommended Minimum $ 3,037,822 $ 3,080,294 $ 3,137,714 $ 3,215,368 $ 3,232,382 Minimum Cash Reserve Table 3 details the minimum level of cash reserves required to help ensure timely replacement of assets and to provide financial stability of the utility. The methodology used to establish this target is based on certain assumptions related to a percentage of operating expense, historical investment, capital improvements, and debt service to be kept in cash reserves. Based on these assumptions, Ashland should maintain a minimum of $31VI in cash reserves for 2018 and $3.25M in 2022. Table 3 - Minimum Cash Reserves (without rate adjustments) Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Minimum Cash Reserve Allocation Operation & Maintenance Less Depreciation Expense 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% Purchase Power Expense 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% 12.3% Historical Rate Base 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Current Portion of Debt Service Payment 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Five Year Capital Improvements - Net of bond proceeds 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% Calculated Minimum Cash Level Operation & Maintenance Less Depreciation Expense $ 952,587 $ 970,668 $ 989,179 $ 1,008,065 $ 1,027,413 Purchase Power Expense 964,841 966,712 987,893 1,028,933 1,030,449 Historical Rate Base 502,521 520,521 538,521 556,521 574,521 Current Portion of Debt Service Reserve 22,664 22,393 22,121 21,850 - Five Year Capital Improvements - Net of bond proceeds 595,210 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 Minimum Cash Reserve Levels $ 3,037,822 $ 3,080,294 $ 3,137,714 $ 3,215,368 $ 3,232,382 Projected Cash Reserves $ 162,810 $ (1,125,360) $ (2,693,862) $ (4,712,519) $ (6,863,598) Projected cash balances fall below the recommended minimums during the projection period. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 5 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Debt Coverage Ratio As Ashland has no bond debt and minimal other debt this section is included for educational purposes only so readers can be informed if considering debt. Debt coverage ratio can be ignored from the point of view of a current target. Table 4 is the projected debt coverage ratios with capital additions as provided by Ashland. The coverage required in bond ordinances is typically 1.15 -1.20, however the minimum recommended debt coverage ratio is established at 1.35 - 1.40 for projection purposes a 0.20 premium to ordinance. Maintaining a higher debt coverage ratio is good business practice and helps to achieve the following: • Helps to ensure adequate funds are available to meet debt service payments in years when sales are low due to temperature fluctuations. • Obtain higher bond rating, if revenue bonds are sold in the future, to lower interest cost. Table 4 - Projected Debt Coverage Ratios (without rate adjustments) Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Fixed Cost Coverage Ratio Cash Available for Debt Service $ (541,258) $ (665,506) $ (946,109) $ (1,396,536) $ (1,529,229) Off System Debt - - - - - Total Available $ (541,258) $ (665,506) $ (946,109) $ (1,396,536) $ (1,529,229) Debt Service Including Off System Debt $ 22,936 $ 22,664 $ 22,393 $ 22,121 $ 21,850 Fixed Costs Coverage Ratio (23.60) (29.36) (42.25) (63.13) (69.99) Minimum Fixed Costs Coverage Ratio 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Debt coverage is adequate for the projection period without changes in rates as the debt is minimal and not subject to ordinances or coverage covenants. Rate of Return The optimal target for setting rates is the establishment of a target operating income to help ensure the following: A. Funding of the inflationary increase on the assets invested in the system. The inflation on the replacement of assets invested in the utility should be recouped through the Operating Income. B. Funding of depreciation expense. C. Adequate rate of return on investment to help ensure current customers are paying their fair share of the use of the infrastructure and not deferring the charge to future generations. D. Funding of interest expense on the outstanding principal on debt. Interest expense is below the operating income line and needs to be recouped through the operating income balance. As improvements are made to the system, the optimal operating income target will increase unless annual depreciation expense is greater than yearly capital improvements. The revenue requirements for the study are set on the utility basis. Table 5 identifies the utility basis target established for 2018 is $514k and increases to $594k in 2022. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 6 I ""I S Summary • Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Table 5 - Rate of Return Calculation Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Target Operating Income Determinants Net Book Value/Working Capital $ 7,398,546 < 7,673,140 $ 7,923,734 $ 8,150,329 $ 8,352,923 Outstanding Principal on Debt 86,857 65,143 43,429 21,714 - System Equity $ 7,311,689 $ 7,607,997 $ 7,880,306 $ 8,128,614 $ 8,352,923 Target Operating Income Allocation Interest on Debt 1.41% 1.46% 1.56% 1.87% 0.00% System Equity 7.02% 7.01% 7.02% 7.06% 7.11% Target Operating Income Interest on Debt $ 1,221 $ 950 $ 679 $ 407 $ 136 System Equity $ 513,175 $ 533,305 $ 553,421 $ 573,539 $ 593,671 Target Operating Income $ 514,397 $ 534,255 $ 554,100 $ 573,946 $ 593,807 Projected Operating Income $ (861,179) $ (991,725) $ (1,295,515) $ (1,769,941) $ (1,926,635) Rate of Return in % 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.1% Recommended Rate Track The study identifies increasing current revenues in 2018, and increase annually thereafter to maintain debt coverage ratios and minimum cash targets. Table 6 is a summary of the financial results detailing the recommended revenue adjustments required to meet target operating income. Table 6 - Recommended Revenue Adjustments Projected Adjusted Target Fiscal Rate Projected Projected Operating Operating Projected Cash Recommended Year Adjustments Expenses Revenues Income Income Balances Minimum Cash 2018 6.90% $ 15,983,993 $ 16,021,174 $ 37,181 $ 514,397 $ 1,061,170 $ 3,050,128 2019 2.75% 161200,713 16,496,007 295,294 534,255 1,064,512 3,097,882 2020 2.75% 161591,249 16,983,654 392,404 554,100 1,189,252 3,160,751 2021 2.75% 171147,575 17,478,199 330,623 573,946 1,277,106 3,244,012 2022 2.75% 17,387,713 17,986,935 599,222 593,807 1,658,269 3,266,806 Cost of Service Summary Results A cost of service study was completed to determine the cost of providing service to each class of customers and to assist in design of electric rates for customers. A cost of service study consists of the following general steps: 1) Determine utility revenue requirement for test year 2018 2) Classify utility expenses into common cost pools 3) Allocate costs to customer classes based on the classes' contribution to utility expenses 4) Compare revenues received from each class to the cost of service The cost of service summary is included as Table 7 which compares the projected cost to serve each class with the revenue received from each class. The change" column is the revenue adjustment necessary City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 7 S Summary Report, Utility Financial Solutions, LLC to meet projected cost of service requirements. The cost of service summary uses the current rates including any adjustment factors. Table 7 - Cost of Service Summary Projected Customer Class Cost of Service Revenues % Change Residential Single-Phase $ 8,343,058 $ 7,410,275 12.6% Seasonal Residential Single 75,378 60,785 24.0% Telecommunications 73,981 68,342 8.3% Outdoor Lighting 19,156 19,703 -2.8% Commercial Service Single Phase 1,907,280 1,720,561 10.9% Commercial Service Three Phase 3,333,918 3,168,263 5.2% Governmental Service Single Phase 132,089 100,297 31.7% Governmental Service Three Phase 475,225 438,354 8.4% Municipal Service Single Phase 151,481 122,475 23.7% Municipal Service Three Phase 440,310 479,332 -8.1% Governmental Large Service 890,057 877,970 1.4% Total $ 15,841,934 $ 14,466,358 9.5% Cost of Service Results Table 8 shows the average cost of service per kWh and compares the cost to the average revenue per kWh for each customer class. Table 8 - Average Cost per kWh vs. Average Revenue per kWh Cost of Projected Service Revenues Customer Class $/kWh $/kWh Residential Single-Phase $ 0.0965 $ 0.0857 Seasonal Residential Single 0.1066 0.0859 Telecommunications 0.1185 0.1095 Outdoor Lighting 0.0960 0.0988 Commercial Service Single Phase 0.1060 0.0957 Commercial Service Three Phase 0.0897 0.0852 Governmental Service Single Phas, 0.1345 0.1021 Governmental Service Three Phas 0.1052 0.0971 Municipal Service Single Phase 0.1361 0.1100 Municipal Service Three Phase 0.0795 0.0865 Governmental Large Service 0.0762 0.0752 Cost differences result from usage patterns of customers and how each class of customer used facilities based on load data provided by Ashland. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 8 X"11-1 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Distribution Costs Separation of distribution costs help identify distribution charges for each customer class and the fixed monthly customer charge. Distribution charge includes the following costs: • Operation and maintenance of distribution & transmission system • Contributions to general fund • Customer service • Customer accounting • Meter reading • Billing • Meter operation & maintenance • Administrative expenses The distribution charges consist of two components: • Monthly customer charge to recover the costs of meter reading, billing, customer service, and a portion of maintenance and operations of the distribution system. • Distribution rate based on billing parameter, (kW or kWh) to recover the cost to operate and maintain the distribution system. Table 9 identifies the cost-based distribution rates for customer classes. Table 9 - Distribution Costs by Customer Class (COS) Monthly Customer Customer Class Charge Distribution Rate Billing Basis Residential Single-Phase $ 14.09 $ 0.0296 kWh Seasonal Residential Single 16.50 0.0418 kWh Telecommunications 19.45 0.0330 kWh Commercial Service Single Phase 43.46 11.45 kW Commercial Service Three Phase 103.90 10.35 kW Governmental Service Single Phase 51.68 10.16 kW Governmental Service Three Phase 155.98 11.19 kW Municipal Service Single Phase 58.97 12.75 kW Municipal Service Three Phase 127.75 10.64 kW Governmental Large Service 1,635.79 11.17 kW City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 9 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Power Supply Costs Table 10 identifies the average cost of providing power supply to customers of Ashland. Table 10 - Power Supply Costs by Customer Class Customer Class Demand Billing Basis Energy Billing Basis Residential Single-Phase $ 0.0077 kWh $ 0.0392 kWh Seasonal Residential Single 0.0100 kWh 0.0391 kWh Telecommunications 0.0109 kWh 0.0394 kWh Commercial Service Single Phase 2.80 KW 0.0393 kWh Commercial Service Three Phase 2.51. KW 0.0394 kWh Governmental Service Single Phase 3.14 KW 0.0394 kWh Governmental Service Three Phase 3.39 KW 0.0394 kWh Municipal Service Single Phase 3.29 KW 0.0392 kWh Municipal Service Three Phase 3.38 KW 0.0394 kWh Governmental Large Service 2.79 KW 0.0385 kWh Combined Cost Summary Table 11 identifies the cost of service rates for each customer class. Charging these rates would directly match the cost of providing service to customers identified in this study. Table 11- Total Costs by Customer Class COS COS Current Average Customer COS Monthly Conservation Customer Customer Class Charge Charge Charge Charge Residential Single-Phase $ 9.62 $ 14.09 $ 3.21 $ 10.87 Seasonal Residential Single 9.62 16.50 5.60 10.89 Telecommunications 17.23 19.45 3.49 15.96 Commercial Service Single Phase 20.29 43.46 7.81 35.65 Commercial Service Three Phase 49.95 103.90 36.07 67.83 Governmental Service Single Pha 17.23 51.68 18.00 33.68 Governmental Service Three Pha< 101.01 155.98 87.73 68.25 Municipal Service Single Phase 18.79 58.97 8.37 50.60 Municipal Service Three Phase 54.72 127.75 59.73 68.02 Governmental Large Service 2,639.36 1,635.79 1,413.90 221.89 City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 10 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC 3. Functionalization of Costs Delivery of electricity consists of many components that bring electricity from the power supply facilities to the communities and eventually into customer facilities. The facilities consist of four major components: transmission, distribution, customer-related services, and administration. Following are general descriptions of each of these facilities and the sub-breakdowns within each category. Transmission The transmission system is comprised of four types of subsystems that operate together: 1) Backbone and inter-tie transmission facilities are the network of high voltage facilities through which a utility's major production sources are integrated. 2) Generation set-up facilities are the substations through which power is transformed from a utility's generation voltages to its various transmission voltages. Terminology of Cost of Service 3) Sub-transmission plant consists of lower voltage facilities to transfer electric energy FUNCTIONALIZATION -Cost data arranged by functional category (e.g. power supply, from convenient points on a utility's transmission, distribution backbone system to its distribution system. CLASSIFICATION -Assignment of 4) Radial transmission facilities are those that functionalized costs to cost components are not networked with other transmission (e.g. demand, energy and customer lines but are used to serve specific loads related). directly. ALLOCATION - Allocating classified costs to Operation of the transmission system also consists of each class of service based on each class's providing certain services that ensure a stable supply contribution to that specific cost of power. These services are typically referred to as component. ancillary services. The Federal Energy Regulatory DEMAND COSTS - Costs that vary with the Commission (FERC) has defined six ancillary service maximum or peak usage. Measured in charges for the use of transmission facilities. For kilowatts (kW) Ashland, these charges will be passed-through charges ENERGY COSTS - Costs that vary over an by the control area operator. Ancillary services consist extended period of time. Measured in of the following: kilowatt-hours (kWh) • Mandatory Ancillary Service Charges: CUSTOMER COSTS - Costs that vary with the number of customers on the system, Reactive Supply and Voltage Control e.g. metering costs. Regulation and Frequency Response DIRECT ASSIGNMENT - Costs identified as Service Energy Imbalance Charges belonging to a specific customer or group Operating Reserves Spinning of customers. Operating Reserves Supplemental Reactive Power Supply City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 11 If S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Power losses from use of transmission system Distribution The distribution facilities connect the customer with the transmission grid to provide the customer with access to the electrical power that has been generated and transmitted. The distribution plant includes substations, primary and secondary conductors, poles, and line transformers that are jointly used and in the public right-of-way. Substations typically separate the distribution plant from the transmission system. The substation power transformer "steps down" the voltage to a level that is more practical to install on and under city streets. Distribution circuits are divided into primary and secondary voltages with the primary voltages usually ranging between 35 kV and 4 kV and the secondary below 4 kV. Distribution Customer Types Sub-transmission customers are served directly from the substation feeder and bypass both the secondary and primary distribution lines. The charges for this type of customer should reflect the cost of the substation and not include the cost of primary or secondary line charges. Primary customers are typically referred to as customers who have purchased, owned, and maintained their own transformers that convert the voltage to the secondary voltage level. The rates for these customers should reflect the cost of substations and the cost of primary distribution lines and not include the cost of secondary line extensions. Secondary customers have the services provided by the utilities directly into their facilities. The utility provides the customer with the transformer and the connection on the customers' facilities. Customer-Related Services Certain administrative-type services are necessary to ensure customers are provided service connections and disconnections in a timely manner and the facilities are in place to read meters and bill for customer usages. These services typically consist of the following components: • Customer Services -The cost of providing personnel to assist customers with questions and dispatch personnel to connect and disconnect meters. • Billing and Collections-The cost of billing and collections personnel, postage, and supplies. • Meter Reading -The cost of reading customers' meters. • Meter Operation and Maintenance -The cost of installing and maintaining customer meters. Administrative Services These costs are sometimes referred to as overhead costs and relate to functions that cannot be directly- attributed to any service. These costs are spread to the other services through an allocator such as labor, expenses, or total rate base. These costs may consist of City administrative expenses, property insurance, and wages for higher level management of the utility. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 12 S Summary Reporti Utility Financial Solutions, LLC System Losses As energy moves through each component of the transmission and distribution system, some of the power is lost and cannot be sold to customers. Losses vary based on time of day and season. Typically, as system usage increases or ambient temperature increases, the percentages of losses that occur also increase. These losses are recovered from distribution customers through an analysis of the peak losses that occur in the system. The average system losses and unaccounted for energy for Ashland are approximately 4.1%. (Typical municipal system losses are approximately 5.4%) City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 13 IIIII~ S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC 4. Unbundling Process The cost of power supply, distribution, and customer services are identified as part of the unbundling process and are the first step in determining unbundled charges to customers. The total revenue requirements of $15.85M are separated into four categories identified in Table 12. Table 12 - Breakdown of Ashland Cost Structure Utility Costs Power Supply $ 7,844,232 Distribution $ 4,406,582 Franchise Fee $ 1,472,671 Customer $ 2,118,448 $ 15,841,934 Ashland is projected to expend 49% of its total costs toward power supply. Distribution related costs are 28%; franchise fee is 10% and customer service 13%. These components are broken down into each of the subcomponents and are identified in the following sections. Distribution Breakdown Distribution rates consist of a number of different components. Total distribution-related costs of 4.4M for 2018 are broken down into the main components including substations, transformers, and distribution lines. Figure 1 shows the breakdown of distribution components identified in the study. Figure 1- Breakdown of Distribution Costs Distribution Costs Substations 27% Distribution Lines Transformers 56% 5% Technology Debt - Distribution 12% Each of these components is allocated to customer groups based on certain factors established in the study. These factors are based on the efficiency of each customer class and the time of day or the season City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 14 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC the electricity is used. Other factors are also considered, such as the length of line extensions to reach certain customer classes. Customer-Related Cost Breakdown Ashland total expenses for customer-related costs are $2.12M for 2018. The cost is broken down into the components identified in Figure 2. Figure 2 - Breakdown of Customer Costs Customer Costs Services 6% Meter O&M 12% Conservation 3S% Meter Reading 16% Customer PV Service/Billing 31% Power Supply Cost Breakdown Power supply costs for 2018 were made up of purchased power expenses. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 15 S Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC 5. Significant Assumptions This section outlines the procedures used to develop the cost of service and unbundling study for Ashland and the related significant assumptions. Forecasted Operating Expenses Forecasted expenses were based on 2014, 2015 and 2016, 2017 budget adjusted for power supply costs and inflation. The table below is a summary of the expenses used in the analysis; the projected operating expenses include an adjustment for any city contributions. Table 13 - Projected Operating Expenses for 2018- 2022 Description Projected 2018 Projected 2019 Projected 2020 Projected 2021 Projected 2022 Operating Expenses: Purchases Electric - Supply $ 6,886,756 $ 6,901,972 $ 7,055,024 $ 7,349,618 $ 7,361,940 Electric - Transmission 957,477 957,477 976,626 1,015,691 1,015,691 Total Power Supply Expense $ 7,844,232 $ 7,859,449 $ 8,031,651 $ 8,365,309 $ 8,377,631 Distribution Electric - Distribution $ 3,500,018 $ 3,587,519 $ 3,677,207 $ 3,769,137 $ 3,863,365 Total Distribution Expense $ 3,500,018 $ 3,587,519 $ 3,677,207 $ 3,769,137 $ 3,863,365 Other Operating Expenses (Revenues) Admin - Conservation $ 739,153 $ 757,631 $ 776,572 $ 795,987 $ 815,886 Electric - Supply (non BPA) 97,990 100,440 102,951 105,525 108,163 Franchise Fee 1,472,671 1,476,518 1,480,277 1,483,415 1,486,556 Allocations Central Service - Power Supply (non BPA) 385,060 394,687 404,554 414,668 425,034 Central Service - Distribution 857,095 878,522 900,485 922,997 946,072 Use of Facilities Charge - Distribution 133,250 136,581 139,996 143,496 147,083 Technology Debt - Distribution 541,300 541,300 541,300 541,300 541,300 Depreciation Expense 313,406 325,406 349,406 373,406 397,406 Total Other Operating Expenses $ 4,539,924 $ 4,611,085 $ 4,695,541 $ 4,780,793 $ 4,867,500 Total Operating Expenses $ 15,884,175 $ 16,058,053 $ 16,404,398 $ 16,915,239 $ 17,108,497 Operating Income $ (861,179) $ (991,725) $ (1,295,515) $ (1,769,941) $ (1,926,635) Power supply costs from 2018 - 2022 are based on Ashland's current charges adjusted for system growth factors and inflation. Load Data Load data is one of the most critical components of a cost of service study. Information from the billing statistics were used to determine the usage patterns of each customer class after reconciling revenues with financial statements to ensure a good basis for development of the study. Annual Projection Assumptions The kWh sales forecast is based on FY2016 actual adjusted for 0.0625% growth. Table 14 details growth, inflation of expenses, changes in purchase power costs and interest earned on investments. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 16 Summary Report Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Table 14 - Projection Annual Escalation Factors 2018- 2022 Purchase Purchase Fiscal Power Power Investment Year Inflation Growth Change Transmission Income 2018 2.5% 0.2% 6.0% 4.0% 0.5% 2019 2.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 2020 2.5% 0.2% 2.0% 2.0% 0.5% 2021 2.5% 0.2% 4.0% 4.0% 0.5% 2022 2.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% System Loss Factors Losses occurring from the transmission and distribution of electricity can vary from year to year depending upon weather and system loading. Revenue Forecast The revenue forecast was based on FY2016 usages adjusted for growth rate assumptions. City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 17 1 Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Summary Report: 6. Recommendations and Additional Information We recommend that the utility move toward cost of service for each customer class. The study indicates rate adjustments are needed to meet minimum cash and operating income targets. To ensure the utility meets financial targets and remains financially stable, the rate track identified in should be considered: Table 15 - Recommended Rate Adjustments 2018- 2022 Projected Adjusted Target Fiscal Rate Projected Projected Operating Operating Projected Cash Recommended Year Adjustments Expenses Revenues Income Income Balances Minimum Cash 2018 6.90% $ 15,983,993 $ 16,021,174 $ 37,181 $ 514,397 $ 1,061,170 $ 3,050,128 2019 2.75% 16,200,713 16,496,007 295,294 534,255 1,064,512 3,097,882 2020 2.75% 16591,249 16,983,654 392,404 554,100 1,189,252 3,160,751 2021 2.75% 17,147,575 17,478,199 330,623 573,946 1,277,106 3,244,012 2022 2.75% 17387,713 17,986,935 599,222 593,807 1,658,269 3,266,806 The cost of service study identified some customer classes are subsidizing other customer classes. We recommend Ashland moves toward cost of service using a bandwidth of plus or minus 2%. Using the 6.9% rate adjustment, this would result in no customer class given a rate increase greater than 8.9% and the lowest increase would be 4.9%. Table 16 identifies the cost of service charges compared with the projected current revenues for each class. Classes that indicate a lower % change than the total percentage change are providing subsidy to other customer classes, conversely customer classes with a higher % change than the total percentage are receiving subsidy. Table 16 - Cost of Service Summary Results Projected Customer Class Cost of Service Revenues % Change Residential Single-Phase $ 8,343,058 $ 7,410,275 12.6% Seasonal Residential Single 75,378 60,785 24.0% Telecommunications 73,981 68,342 8.3% Outdoor Lighting 19,156 19,703 -2.8% Commercial Service Single Phase 1,907,280 1,720,561 10.9% Commercial Service Three Phase 3,333,918 3,168,263 5.2% Governmental Service Single Phase 132,089 100,297 31.7% Governmental Service Three Phase 475,225 438,354 8.4% Municipal Service Single Phase 151,481 122,475 23.7% Municipal Service Three Phase 440,310 479,332 -8.1% Governmental Large Service 890,057 877,970 1.4% Total $ 15,841,934 $ 14,466,358 9.5% City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 18 S Utility Financial Solutions, LLC Summary Report Ashland may consider movements in the customer charges to move toward cost of service based customer charges to help ensure fixed distribution charges are collected in the customer charge. Table 17 compares the total cost of service monthly customer charges with the current charges. By charging cost of service rates for the monthly charge Ashland reduces it risk associated with power usage fluctuations due to weather etc. Table 17 - Customer Charge Comparison Current Average Customer COS Monthly Customer Class Charge Charge Residential Single-Phase $ 9.62 $ 14.09 Seasonal Residential Single 9.62 16.50 Telecommunications 17.23 19.45 Commercial Service Single Phase 20.29 43.46 Commercial Service Three Phase 49.95 103.90 Governmental Service Single Pha! 17.23 51.68 Governmental Service Three Pha! 101.01 155.98 Municipal Service Single Phase 18.79 58.97 Municipal Service Three Phase 54.72 127.75 Governmental Large Service 2,639.36 1,635.79 City of Ashland Electric Department Cost of Service & Electric Unbundling Study Page 19 Utility Financial Solutions 185 Sun Meadow Ct. Holland, MI 49424 Phone: 616-393-9722 Fax: 616-393-9721 Accountant's Compilation Report Governing Body City of Ashland Electric Department The accompanying forecasted statements of revenues and expenses of the City of Ashland Electric Department (utility) were compiled for the year ending December 31, 2018 in accordance with guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The purpose of this report is to assist management in forecasting revenue requirements and determining the cost to service each customer class. This report should not be used for any other purpose. A compilation is limited to presenting, in the form of a forecast; information represented by management and does not include evaluation of support for any assumptions used in projecting revenue requirements. We have not audited the forecast and, accordingly, do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the statements or assumptions accompanying this report. Differences between forecasted and actual results will occur since some assumptions may not materialize and events and circumstances may occur that were not anticipated. Some of these variations may be material. Utility Financial Solutions has no responsibility to update this report after the date of this report. This report is intended for information and use by the governing body and management for the purposes stated above. This report is not intended to be used by anyone except the specified parties. UTILITY FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS Mark Beauchamp, CPA, CMA, MBA Holland, MI October 2016