HomeMy WebLinkAboutInventory/Evaluation 1983
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY and EVALUATION REPORT: SITE 35-JA-168 (RR-797)
Ashland Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest
C.R. Job RR-647
(Location Jackson County; Sec. 4, T40S, R1E, WM; Ashland Quad)
Fieldwork and Report by: Jeff laLande
Archaeologist
Rogue River National Forest
November 1983
ABSTRACT and MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Site 35-JA-168 is a "ridge-top saddle" site located in the Ashland Creek
drainage, within the area of the proposed Winburn Fuelbreak Timber Sale.
Surface survey and test excavations indicate that an essentially undisturbed
portion of the site, amounting to under 0.25 acre, is situated bnmediately
south and west of the existing road system. The site, proba~ly once extended
some distance to the north, but this portion has been obliterated by road
construction and other activities.
Based on archaeological investigations in 1983, 35-JA-168 is a small, shallow
site containing a relatively sparse amount of cultural material. However,
the intact portion of the site does retain sufficient archaeological values
to meet the National Register criterion of "potential to yield information
important in the study of prehistory."
Site 35-JA-168 will be protected from any timber sale impacts by means of a
fenced enclosure and specific protective directions included in the timber sale
contract; these measures will, in essense, remove the site from the proposed
project's area of potential effect.
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I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT/MANAGEMENT SUMMARy........................... i
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purpose and Scope
~ Location ~ Project Description
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT................................... 2
Natural Setting
~ Impacts
ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND and PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGy....... 3
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORy............................... 5
Methodology
Results ~ Analysis .2! Inventory
SITE EVALUATION........................................ 7
MANAGEMENT DECISION and FINDING OF NO EFFECT........... 7
REFERENCES CITED............. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
APPENDIX
(Maps, Photos, etc.)
I. INTRODUCTION
Purpose ~ $cope
The purpose of this report is to inventory and "evaluate, the significance
of archaeological site 35-JA-168 (RR-797); it also documents the cultural'
resource management decision made by the District Ranger regarding protection
of this site from adverse impacts due to planned logging activity. Site
35-JA-168 is lobated within/adjacent to the proposed Winburn Fuelbreak Timber
Sale; it was found by the writer and District C.R. technicians during
archaeological reconnaissance of the timber sale project area. Inventory
fieldwork was accomplished (approximately eight person-days) in August and
September 1983. The major objectives of the site inventory (which included
intensive surface survey/collection, "test-square" transects and excavation
of three test-pits) were to determine the amount, variety, areal extent and
depth of potentially significant cultural deposits, as well as to obtain
sufficient information to permit inferences as to site function.
~ Location ~ Project Description
Site 35-JA-168 is located in southern Jackson County, ~egon, within the
boundaries of the Ashland Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest, in
the SW'V4 SEV4 of Section 4, T40S, R1E, WM. It is situated on the crest of
Winburn Ridge, within the Ashland Municipal Watershed (a special management
area of the National Forest Mlich provides the main domestic Witer supply for
the City of Ashland). The maximum estimated intact site area comprises slightly
less than one-quarter acre. It is bounded on the east by FS Road 2060500; this
road forms the approximate western edge of the Ashland Research Natural Area.
The 1,408-acre Research Natural Area was established in 1970 to provide for
future biotic research by protecting "examples of 'Pacific' ponderosa pine and
ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests found west of the Cascade Range in southern
Oregon" (Franklin et al. 1972).
The proposed Winburn Fuelbreak project includes a narrow ridge-top area
which extends for approximately 2 miles north-south along the crest of
Winburn Ridge. Although the sale will result in the harvest of 1 MMnF of
timber, commercial considerations are secondary. The major objective of the
sale is to create a shaded "fuelbreak" along the ridge-top; this fire manage-
ment tool is meant to provide a tarrier to possible rapid and large-scale
wildfire movement in this portion of the Ashland Municipa 1 Watershed.
Because of the highly unstable granitic so11s and steep slopes within the
Watershed, logging will be confined to the narrow strip of relatively Level
ground along the crest of Winburn Ridge. Tractors will use designated skid
trails to bring logs to specified landings adjacent to the existing road
system. The "saddle" in and near Mlich site 35-JA-168 is located is one of
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CH Job RR-647
.35-JA 168
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the few places with sufficient level area to serve as a 1,og landing. Because
of the potential conflict between cultural resource management and the timber
sale, a site inventory/evaluation was undertaken.
II. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Natural Setting
Site 35-JA-168 is located at an elevation of about 4,500 feet above sea
level, within the intrusive granitoid rocks of the Ashland Pluton (upper
Jurassic to lower Cretaceous age); quartz dior ite,"a light-to-medium-gray
rock of sodium plagioclase (with minor amounts of hornblende and biotite
mica), dominates (Franklin et al. 1972:AS-1). The site is situated on the
crest of Winburn Ridge, a major north-south ridge system which divides the
drainage of the West Fork of Ashland Creek from that of the East Fork.
Ashland Creek flows north into Bear Creek, a ma jor tr ibutary of the Rogue
River. Tbpography of the vicinity is steep to very steep, with the east and
west sides of Winburn Ridge averaging CNer 50 percent in slope. The soils of
the ridge-crest are comprised, of excessively drained sandy loams (which have
A 1 surface layers between 10-25 cm in thickness) and a gravelly C-horizon sub-
soil up to 1 meter thick (Badura and Jahn 1977: 159 and 182). However, within
the immediate site area, bedrock (based on profile exposed in road-cut) is pre-
sent to within 10-40 cm of the ground surface, with several surface outcrops
visible.
The climate is typical of forested uplands surrounding the Rogue River
Valley. Summers are Wirm and dry, winters are cool and rroist. Some wintr
precipitation occurs as snow, accumulating several feet in depth during a
typical season; the site area is usually snow-free by June. Vegetation of
the vicinity is typical of the mid-elevations of the eastern Siskiyou
Mountains. The site supports a densely forested Mixed Conifer Zone community
dominated by occasional old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-
fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), sugar pine (~ lambertiana), incense-cedar
(Ca10cedrus decurrens), and white fir (Abies conco10r). The large-diameter
pines are the survivors of pre-1911 wildfires; young stands of Douglas-fir
and white fir are common in the understory. Shrubs include manzanita
(Arctostaphylos patula, !. viscida), snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus),
chinquapin (Castanopsis chrysophylla), and oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor).
In addition to manzanita and chinquapin, other edible species found scattered
in the vicinity are Oregon grape (Mahonia ~.) and serviceberry (Amelanchier
alnifolia). There are no meadows or other natural openings within two miles
of the site. Mammals that currently utilize the area include black-tailed
deer, red fox, badger, mountain beaver, western gray squirrel, chickaree,
coyote, cougar, and black bear. Prior to about 1900, Roosevelt e~k were com-
mon to thi~ portion of the Siskiyou Mountains.
~ Impacts
The area has been subjected to a sequence of wildfires, culminating in
the large 1910 Ashland Fire. Because of water supply values, stringent fire
prevention efforts have been in force since that time. Spur road 2060100
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(Rd. #100) which passes east-west through the site area and JO~ns FS Road
#2060500 (Rd. #500) near the northeast margin of the site, follows the route of
the old Mt. Ashland Trail, used by hunters and sightseers during the late 19th
and early 20th centuries. Because of its location on the "saddle" of Winburn
Ridge near a spring, the site \\as apparently used as a "hunters' camp" during
the historic period until the 1980s when the watershed \\as closed to all
camping. (It is possible that the Mt. Ashland Trail followed an aboriginal
route which linked the Bear Creek Valley to the high country of the Siskiyou
Mountains.) Evidence of occasional camping consists of axe-notched pines, scat-
tered artifacts (small glass and metal fragments, etc.) and a 5-foot diameter
rubbish pit excavated near the center of site 35-JA-168; this 3-foot deep, cir-
cular pit contains bottles, jars and cans which appear to date to the late
1950s/early 1960s. .
During the early 1920s Jesse Winburn, a retired millionaire businessman,
came, to Ashland and purchased a small parcel of private land on the West Fork
of Ashland Creek; this property \\as surrounded by National Forest land.
According to Ashland residents who recall Winburn's short stay in the Ashland
area, he extended the road from his secluded lodge "Sap-and-Salt" south along
the upper West Fork of Ashland Creek. The terminus of Winburn's road (now
spur Road # 100) was at the saddle on Winburn Ridge. (Evidently his original
intention was to continue the road southeast towards Mt. Ashland, hoping to
promote the splendors of the Siskiyou Mountain high country to Ashland's
tourist visitors.) The work crew used hand tools and horse-drawn "fresnos" to
build the road. A road camp, including a small !:arn or stable (located on the
north side of the road, within site 35-JA-168), \\as situated at the ~ddle,
leading to concentrated soil disturbance along the north edge of the prehistoric
site. (IaIande 1980:92; personal interviews with anonymous "old timer" who
visited site during testing).
For several decades, the Winburn Ridge vicinity experienced very little
human activity, aside from occasional hunting/camping. During the late 1950s
and early 1960s, the Forest Service constructed Road 2060 around the contours
of the Ashland Creek drainage and extended spur Road #500 north along the
crest of Winburn Ridge (thereby creating a junction with the end of Mr.
Winburn's old road, now identified as spur Road # 1 00. ) Commercial timber har-
vest occurred along Road #500, beginnning immediately north of the Road #500/100.
junction) . Remnants of the old stable '-'/ere torn down and piled near the edge
of Road #100; this portion of the saddle (i.e., immediately north and west of
the 500/100 roads junction) was used as a log landing and it consequently
experienced significant ground disturbance. In contrast to the remainder of
the site area (which retains its "original" forest cover and has relatively
undisturbed soil), the old landing and adjacent logged-over portion i;s pre-
sently covered with a thicket of manzanita and a stand of 10-20-year old
pines. Construction and use of the two roads and the wider area just west of
the road junction have resulted in almost total removal of the up~r soil
horizon down to the sandy, decomposed granitic material.
III. ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND and PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGY
Based on the few available ethnographic accounts (Sapir 1907, Spier 1927,
Harrington 1981, Dixon 1907), the Ashland Creek ...atershed IIDSt likely ...as
within territory seasonally used by the "Ikirakutsu" !:and of the Shasta.
3
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The Upland Takelma, or Latgawa, may have utilized the area as 'Nell. The
Shasta inhabited much of the upper Bear Creek Valley and surrounding foothills.
The tasic social unit was the extended family tand. These hunter/gatherers
possessed a seasonal subsistence tase, procuring their livelihood in an "annual
round" of resource-gathering activities. The Bear Creek Valley Shasta protably
migrated each year from winter villages (e.g., Ashland, Emigrant Creek) up into
the Cascades and Siskiyous during the warm season. The mosaic of high elevation
meadows along the Siskiyou Crest, a probable zone of big-game hunting and trade
with the Klamath River Shasta (e.g., for obsidian), would have been a I!Bjor
objective of summer travel. The Shasta, along with the other native groups of
southwestern Oregon, placed particular emphasis on the accumulation of indivi-
dual prestige and wealth. Religious beliefs revolved around numerous "spirits"
which inhabited trees, rocks, mountains and other natural festures. Persons
training for shaman duties often went on solitary "power quests" in the
mountains (Dixon 1907).
Based on projectile point styles and artifact assemblages recovered from
the Applegate Valley and elsewhere, the first human inhabitants of south-
western Oregon are thought to have arrived at least 8,000 years ago (Brauner
and Honey 1978). Archaeological research points to a steady development from a
generalized "Archaic stage" culture in the Siskiyou Mountain region to a
somewhat DJre sedentary fElttern in ]ate prehistoric times, one that focused on
anadromous fisheries and acorn harvesting.
Although southwestern Oregon has experienced a significant increase in the
number and quality of archaeological investigations over the past decade, none
of this work has occurred in the Ashland Creek watershed. Small-scale excava-
tions were conducted a few miles to the east, in the Emigrant Lake area, during
the ]ate 1950s (Newman 1959). The Emigrant Lake sites yielded a ]arge number of
milling stones and a relatively small inventory of projectile points~ these
sites possibly 'Nere used by Shasta groups for brief periods during ]ate pre-
historic times while hunting game and gathering acorns in the nearby hills. To
the west, excavations in the Applegate Lake project area (Brauner and Honey 1978,
Brauner and McDonald 1981, Nisbet 1981) and nearby Squaw Lake (Brauner
and Kindred 1979) have greatly increased the amount of available data on local
archaeology. In closer proximity to site 35-JA-168 (approx. 8 mi. southwest),
test excavation of site 35-JA-121 in the upper drainage of the Little Applegate
River yielded evidence of a high elevation (5,800') tool-making and hunting camp
(Nicholls et al. 1983); this site also may have been used by Shasta groups.
The heavily disturbed remains of two prehistoric sites are known for lower
Ashland Creek, on private ]and. One of these is located near the Ashland town
"plaza" and the other is near the stream's confluence with Bear Creek; cryp-
tocrystalline flakes, tools and other artifacts are exposed/deposited along
this stretch of Ashland Creek follOwing major floods (e.g., 1974, personal
observation). Obsidian flakes reportedly have been found at a small spring on
the lower West Fork of Ashland Creek (i.e., near the upper limit of Reeder
Reservoir, at the former site of a ca. 1910-1925 Forest Service guard
station), about 2.5 miles north of 35-JA-168. (An informal survey of this
location by the writer in 1982 failed to find any prehistoric evidence.)
4
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A small lithic scatter (largely obsidian) has been reported for the south
slope of Grouse Gap, the Siskiyou crest watershed divide between the West
Fork of Ashland Creek and Grouse Creek (a tributary of the Klamath River).
This site is located a short distance \>/est of Mt. Ashland and about 2.5 miles
southwest of 35-JA-168. Because of the rarity of timber sales or other
ground-disturbing projects within the 14,400-acre mtmicipal watershed, very
little cultural resource reconnaissance work has been done in the area. Site
35-JA-168 is the first prehistoric site formally inventoried and recorded for
the Ashland Creek drainage.
IV. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY
Methodolog~
Intensive surface survey of site 35-JA-168 took place in August 1983; it
included approximately 1.5 acres of ground, centered at the ridge-saddle (Road
#500/100 junction). Visible prehistoric evidence was relatively sparse (less
than one item per 4 sq. m average in "densest" area) and was confined to the
area at and immediately around the road junction.* Secondly, a series of four
"test-square" transects (aligned northeast/southwest across the saddle; see site
map) were used to better define the artifactual concentrations and limits of the
site. These lines varied between 18 and 30 meters in length, with 1m2 test-
squares located every 3 meters along a transect line. '!bese squares were tra-
veled down through the organic litter and into the uppermost (0-2 cm) surface of
mineral soil; presence/absence of cultural evidence was noted for each square.
The results of the transect survey in turn helped to determine the location of
three 1x2-meter test-pits. Test-pit #1 was placed in an area of apparently
undisturbed soil just southwest of the gate across Road # 100 (and less then 30
meters \>/est of the road junction). The area around test-pit #1 contained the
highest count of obsidian flakes and other items noted during the surface survey
and transect investigation. Test-pit #2 was located about 20 meters south of
the road junction, on the north-aspect 10-20% slope of the saddle. It was
placed where a possibly utilized granitic cobble had been found on the ground
surface. ** Test-pit #3 was located near the center of a somewhat disturbed but
level area (apparently used for parking and camping) south of Road # 1 00 and west
of test-pit # 1; severa 1 items \>/ere found in this area dur ing the transect sur-
vey.
* Excepting two obsidian flakes found about 100' west of the jtmction, in the
grade of Road # 1 00; these flakes almost certainly were "washed" down the road
from the topographic saddle by rain runoff.
** This it~m was almost certainly a naturally-occurring cobble, not a "manuport"
from a streambed; the local granodiorite commonly exfoliates into rounded,
a lmost spherical, forms which at first glance can appear to be the result of
alluvial rounding. The possibly utilized edge of this cobble lacks sufficient
definition to allow one to assume that this cobble is in fact an artifact.
5
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'lable 1. Cultural Material 'Recoveree
- -pit 1, 35-JA-1GQ
Description
Quantity
Level One (0-10 cm)
round nails
bottle/jar glass fragments (clear)
waste flakes, obsidian
4
10
9
Level Two (10-30 cm), south ~ of pit only*
waste flakes, obsidian
6
.obsidian flakes found between 10 and 20 cm; Level 2 halted by
granite bedrock at 20-30 cm.
Table 2. CUltural Material Recovered from Test-pit 3, 35-JA-168
Description
Quantity
Level One (0-10 cm)
edge-ground (1) cobble, granodiorite
waste flakes, obsidian
1
5
Level Two (10-30 cm)*
waste flakes, obsidian
4
· obsidian flakes found in upper part of Level 2; 20-30 cm was
sterile, decomposed granodiorite
Table 3. Cultural Material Recovered from Test-pit 3, 35-JA-168
Description
Quantity
Level One (0-10 cm)
waste flake, obsidian
waste flake, red jasper
1
1
Level Two (10-30 cm)*
waste flakes, obsidian
waste flake, red jasper
5
1
*encountered sterile. decomoosed aranodiorite between 20-30 em.
" ,..
Table 4. Results of Test-square Transects, 35-JA-168
Test-square
Results
Line 1
1-A
1-B
1-C
1-0
1-E
1-F
1-G
1-H
Line 2
2-AA
2-BB
2-A
2.-B
2-C
2-D
2-E
2-F
2-G
2-H
2-1
Line 3
3-A
3-B
3-C
3-D
3-E
3-F
3-G
Line 4
4-A
4-B
4-C
4-0
4-E
4-F
-0-
2 obsidian flakes J 1 .22 cal shell
-0-
iron spike
-0-
-0-
-0-
1 canning jar lid ("Kerr 1915")
-0-
-0-
1 red jasper flake J 1 obsidian flake
-0-
1 obsidian flake
1 brown jasper flake J 1 obsidian projectile point (triangular, corner-notched)
1 fragment of red, sponge-rubber l::all
-0-
2 fragments of red plastic J 1 fragment of aqua-colored (Coca-Cola 7) b:>ttle gla,
1 obsidian flake
-0-
1 fragment of clear bottle glass; 1 round nail (Sd)
2 obsidian flakes
-0-
1 obsidian flake
1 red jasper flake
1 obsidian flake
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
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Table 5. Items recovered during surface survey (excluding test-squares)*
Description
Quantity
waste flakes, obsidian
waste flake, red jasper
waste flake, red "agate"
utilized flakes, basalt
fragment of alluvial granitic cobble
large core/chopper; basalt**
"eared," corner-notched projectile point, obsidian ***
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
* Unless otherwise noted, all above material fou-odin road-grade of Road
'100; these items probably ~re displaced from original location by sheet
erosion and/or disturbance by vehicle traffic.
** This item found mid-way between test-square,s 1-E and 1-F, on surface of
duff; probably displaced from original location.
*** '!'his item found in road-grade, approx. 3 meters southwest of test-square
1-A.
Excavation of the test-pits proceeded by arbitrary levels (~vel 1: 0-10
cm; level 2: 10-30 cm). All soil was passed through a V4"-mesh shaker screen.
(A consistent sample of each screenful was then passed through a #8-mesh stan-
dard soil sieve; this soon proved impractical due to the large size of the gran-
itic soil particles.) Excavation of each pit proceeded to sterile soil
(yellowish, decomposed granodiorite with numerous rock fragments) or bedrock.
Results ~ Ana lysis .2f Inventory
Results of the surface survey/test-square transects and test-pit excavations
are displayed on the accompanying tables. In ~ief, the archaeological investi-
gation of 35-JA-168 indicates that the site is relatively s~ll in area, light
in density and sha llow in depth. Based on the results of the intensive survey
and test-square trahsects, the area of 'intact cultural deposits totals Less than
0.25 acre, all of it situated south of Poad #100 and 'Nest of Poad #500. (The
remaining area of the saddle, to the north, has been heavily disturbed by road
construction [including the 1920s horse stable], logging activity, and continued
vehicle use; this area also contained by far the Least amount of prehistoric
material observed during the survey.) The site exhibits a low overall frequency
of artifactual material; based on the test excavations, this averages less than
6 items per 1m2 x 10 cm-thick unit of soil. Cultural evidence apparently occurs
only in the thin band of top soil across the entire site area. Prehistoric
material is confined to the uppermost, organic-rich layer of soil, ..nich varies
between 10 em and 20 cm in thickness. The sandy, light-colored subsoil of
decomposed granodiorite immediately below the AO and A1 horizons is culturally
ster ile .
The limited amount and variety of archaeological evidence recovered at
35-JA-168 permits a few inferences as to aboriginal activities at the site.
Based on the site's relatively high elevation (in an area subject to deep
snowpack) 35-JA-168 was probably occupied only during the warmer seasons of
the year. The relative sparseness of the archaeological record indicates that
use of the site was ~ief and intermittent. The presence of the msalt
chopper, two ucilized basalt flakes, and two projectile points would imply
hunting/butchering of large game animals; the thin scatter of lithic flakes
points to occasional tool-making or tOOl-retouching at the site. The alluvial
cobble fragment and the possibly ucilized native cobble may be ell idence of
plant food-processing (e.g., chinquapin nuts, serviceberries?). The relative
lack of artifactual material throughout 35-JA-168 implies that the site was
used as an occasional bivouac by small groups, probably during their seasonal
travels to and from the high elevation meadows of the Siskiyou crest.
Regarding the time period of use at 35-JA-168, the single "diagnostic"
artifact recovered at the site is a large triangular, corner-notched
"Elko-eared" type. The second projectile point is missing the tip' and base,
but it is also a large triangular, corner-notched specimen and probably falls
within the "Elko series" of points. In the Great Basin, this type of projec-
tile point apparently dates between 4,000 and 1,000 years, B. P. (Gates n.d.)
A more specific assessment of the site's probable age cannot be offered at this
time.
6
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VI. SITE EVALUATION
Physical Integrit~: Because 35-JA-168 is such a shallow site (approx.
0-20 cm), portions of it have been impacted by road const:-uction and past
logging activities. The area north of Road #100 probably once contained
cultural deposits, but no such evidence was found during the survey beyond the
area immediately ada jacent to the road grade. Heavy ground disturbance in the
saddle from Road #100 northward has effectively destroyed this portion of the
site. However, disturbance of the soil south of Road #100 has been minimal;:
while the soil-depth is shallow, this portion of 35-JA-168 retains its physical
integrity.
Research Potential: The intact portion of 35-JA-168 (shown on attached
site map) contains a thin bank of relatively sparse prehistoric evidence in
the uppermost soil horizon. However, this evidence is archaeologically signifi-
cant as the only known intact aboriginal site within the Ashland Creek
watershed. Site 35-JA-168 does not contain an visibly obvious cultural st~a-
tigraphy, nor does it appear to have good potential for radiocarbon dating or
faunal/floral analysis (the sandy, acidic soil of this open site apparently has
not served to preserve bone or other organic remains). Based on the admittedly
limited excavation sample, the site probably has little potential for the study
of buried cultural features. 'The site nay prove useful in answering a number of
research questions, however, including: (a) relationship between low elevation
village sites and upland sites (i.e., the question of aboriginal transhumance in
southwestern Oregon); (b) environmental adaptations/seasonal subsistence and
aboriginal mnd size in the Siskiyou Mountain uplands; (c) basic culture history
of southwestern Oregon (providing datable deposits/temporally diagnostic arti-
facts are present); (d) local lithic procurement and tool-making techniques.
Based on its physical integrity and its potential ability to help answer
archaeological research questions, the intact portion of 35-JA-168 meets
National Register criterion "d": potential to yield information important in
the study of prehistory.
VI. MANAGEMENT DECISION and FINDING OF NO EFFECT
On September 28, 1983, a District meeting was held at 35-JA-168 to
determine the best means of protecting the archaeological values of the site
from damage during the proposed Winburn Fuelbreak project. Present at the
meeting were the District Ranger, sale administrator, sale planner, cultural
resource technician, and Forest archaeologist. As an outcome of this meeting,
it was decided that the perimeters of the intact site area will be fenced
(barbed-wire or other fencing and metal poles). The timber sale contract will
identify the fenced area simply as a "research study plot n and will prohibit
any sale activities or associated disturbance within the fenced enclosure.
This fenceline was "flagged" with yellow plastic ribbon by the Forest
archaeologist. The area enclosed includes a protective buffer along the south
perimeter of the site; however, the contract-specified "protect fe~ce" clause
will mean that any pole-sized or larger trees near the site will be
directionally-felled away from the site area. It was agreed that there would be
no need (nor would it be particularly desirable) to identify the enclosure as an
archaeological site; the site's location adjacent to the Ashland Research
Natural Area should serve to "explain" the enclosure simply as an ecological
7
"'''''..''..,........--..----''...-...-.-.- -.."
study plot which is be .;tected for fut nee research.
tion of the timber sale, D~strict employees will cut and
sapling-sized understory from within the site enclosure;
attainment of the fire management objective without any
to the site.
Following the comple-
remove by hand the
this will permit
appreciable disturbance
Based on the elimination of the intact, National Register-eligible portion
of site 35-JA-168 from the area of potential impact, the Winburn Fuelbreak
project is determined to be a "no effect" undertaking relative to significant
cultural resources.
VII. REFERENCES CITED
BADURA, George J. and Philip N . Jahn
1977 !2!l Resource Inventory for ~ Rogue River National Forest, USDA-
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon.
BRAUNER, David R. and William Honey
1978 "A Reevaluation of Cultural Resources within the Applegate Lake
Project Area, Jackson County, Oregon," Report for the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers - Portland District, by the Department of Anthropolog~
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
BRAUNER, David R. and Kay Kindred
1979 "Archaeological Evaluation of the Squaw lakes Site, 35JA69, Jackson
County, Oregon," Report to USDA-Fore st Service, Rogue River
National Forest, by the Depar~ment of Anthropology, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon.
BRAUNER, David R. and Lynne MacDonald
1981 "The Reevaluation of Cultural Resources within the Applegate Lake
Project Area, Jackson County, Oregon; Phase II, Archaeological
Sampling of Sites 35JA47 and 35JA49," Report to the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers - Portland District, by the Department of
Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
DIXON, Roland B.
1907 "The Shasta," Bulletin #17, American Museum of Natural History,
New York.
FRANKLIN, Jerry F., Frederick C. Hall, C. T. Dyrness and Chris Maser
1972 Federal Research Natural Areas in Oregon ~ Washington: A
Guidebook 12!. Scientists ~ Educators, Pacific Northwest Forest
and Range Experiment Station, USDA-Forest Service, Portland, Oregon.
GATES, Gerald R.
n .d. "A Projectile Point Type Guide: Forms and Chronology,," Modoc
National Forest, Alturas, California.
HARRINGTON, John P.
1981 ~ Papers .2! ~ Peabody Harrington .!!!. ~ National
Anthropological Archives.2!~ Smithsonian Institution, 1907-1957,
Krause International Publications, Millwood, New York.
8
laLANDE, Jeffrey M.
1980 Prehistory ~ History .2E. ~ ~ River ~tioqal. rOlfest: ~
Cultural Resource Overview, C.R. Job RR-280, ~9ue River National
Forest, Medford, Qcegon.
NEWMAN, 'nlomas M.
1959 "Final Report on Archaeological Salvage, Emigrant Dam Reservoir,"
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Qcegon.
NICHOLLS, Ioti Ann, David R. Brauner and Shelly Snith
1983 ArChaeological ~ Excavations .2E. ~ Upland Sites .2!l ~
Applegate Ranger District, Report to the Rogue River National
Forest, by the Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon.
NISBET, Robert A., Jr.
1981 "The Lanceolate Projectile Point in Southwestern' Oregon: A
Perspective from the Applega,te River," MAIS Thesis, Department of
Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
SAPIR,
1907
Etlward
"Notes on the Takelma Indians of Southwestern Oregon," American
Anthropologist, Vol. 9 *2, American Anthropological Association,
Menasha, Wisconsin.
SPIER,
1927
Leslie
"Tribal Distribution in Southwestern Oregon," Oregon Historical
Quarterly, Vol. 27, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Qcegon.
9
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Projectile Points (Surface finds)
obsidian (sr.own actual size)
(approx. 6.5mm thick
at mid-point)
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FOREST SERVICE - Region Six
CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY
Record Form
SITE NO. (Temp.)
(Perm. )
RR...797
35JA168
District i ~
m
Fores t Roltue River County Jackson Dis tric t Ashland State-WL- U.S.G.S. Quad .
Le2al:~ of~. Sec. 4 T ..li.!l.S-R . lW W. M. Ashland
TRI: Compartment name Walmer Elevation: 4 ~,'1f\ ".
COfiartment no. 2103 UTM: Zone
eel no. Easting
Lat. Long. Northing
Plant: Community: Mixed-conifer/true fir stand Environmental Features (see instructions)
This site is located on and confined to the relatively
Terrain: Steep, deeply disected canyons/ridges level ground at a "saddle" along Winburn Ridge. The
crest of this 'ridge provides the only "flat" terrain
Soils/Sediments: 10-25 em thick mantle of soil in a large area; site is 'probably located along
aboriginal travel route between, low elevation valley
overlaying decomposed granodiorite and higfi elevation meadows of Siskiyou Mountains Crest.
Water Source: Seasonal spring approx. 500' N,W,
of site.
Site Name Winburn Ridlte Prehistoric Site Present Condition:
Size. less than" acre Date of Use ca, 3000- 200 B,P, (?} 0 Excellent IllJ Fair
Function/use Huntin2/2atherin2 bivuoac: season"l o,."u.....tinn ~\I,.i,,~ravel Z Deteriorated/disturbed
How de term. ? o Hazardous 0 U.eable
o Vandalized 181 Altered
PhYSical data (see instructions)
The Winburn Ridge Site is a small (less than 0.25 acre), shallow 00-20 em of cultural deposits in upper soil
horizon) lithic scatter (obsidian - 907.). Based on surface survey transects. tHe maximum horizontal density
of surface material is less than 4 items per square meter. The Site/saddle is bisected by Road '100, which
has caused total loss of culture-bearing soH strata from the road grade. North of the r),~" there waa a
total.lack of archaeological evidence, although it seems prooa6le that this area would ha eAutilized. This
area has ceen neavily disturbed by historic period activities (road bUilding, log landing, etc. ) and the upper
soil Horizon has Deen largely displaced. South of Road UlOO, However, the ground has been subjected to only
minor, localized disturbance. 'TH"ree ,2 x 1 m test-pits confirmed the relatively thin mantle of cultural
deposits (see report in Job p47). Most of the material recovered was oosidian depitage; other:mano/edge-ground
cobble of local granodiorite and two large, corner-notched ptojectile points (obsidia.n; "Elko series").
f
, i
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.
Expected impacts: 0 yes ~ no o maybe /Recorded by J. LaLande U:1.tp. 12/3/83
Source Winburn Fuelbreak T,S. Inventory type: 0 Tickler (v:eriffed1 CJyu)
Mitigation recommendatiorrs: 0 no)
Pence site per~eter and exclude site area from o Overview rm Recon. 0 Survey o Incidll11tAl ,
project's area of effect. Reference: C.R. Job 647 ,
Attachments: CiJSketch maPC21'~ ~ U,S,G.S. I
I I
o Catalog CiJ Report Cl I
L -....... . , - R6-2360-1S(lOJ11r
Type.
Historic Atchaeolo2ical
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I NST "I jeT i 0"<5
CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY ~~CORO fORM
R6-2360-18(lO/77)
SITE NO: TEM~ORARY NUMBER IS ASSIGNEO BY RECOROER WHEN SITE IS ~IRST INVENTORIEO.
PERMANENT NUMBER IS fNTEREO WHEN ASSIGNED BY A~~ROPRIATE STATE REPOSITORY.
SITE TYP(:(IRCLE AP~ROPRrAT( CATEGORY~ LHCC~ IF ~IT( IS PART O~ A DI~TRICT.
BLOCK 1: LOCATION
fiLL IN ALL ~QUIREO lN~ORMATION. INCLUDE THE NAME, DATE, ANO SCALE O~ THe USGS TOPOGRAPHIC
QUAOAANGLE IN WHICH THE SITE '5 LOCATED. I. NONE, GIVE APPROPRIATE DATA rOR USFS MAP.
BlOC< Z: SETTI NG
PLANT COMMUNITy--LIST SPECIES WHERE ~OSSIBLE; INCLUDE BOTH OVERSTORY AND UNDERSTORY.
TERRAIN--DESCRIBE GENERAL TOPOGRA~HY, LAND ,ORM TY~e, ETC.
SOl LS/SEOIMENTs--DESCRI BE:: TeXTURE AND MATERI AL, OTHER CHAR4CTERI STI C3 WHt..t APPIlOPRI ATE:.
WATER SOURCE--'NCLUOE NAME, DISTANCE, AND BEARING OR AZIMUTH ,ROM SITE.
!NVIRONMENTAL FEATUREs--DESCRIBE ANY AOOITIONAL ~EATURES O~ THE SETTING THAT SEEM DI~TINCTIVE
BlOCK 3: DESCRIPTION
SITE NAME--(NTER COMMON AND HISTORIC HAME(S), IF ANY. IF NOME, LEAVE BLANK.
SIZE--GIYE DIMENSIONS IN METRIC UNITS.
~S) OF USE--UE AS SPECIFIC AS POSSI8LE. EXAMPLE: 1000-1200 AD; 1857; 1933 TO PRESENT.
rUHCTION/USE--BE AS SPECIFIC AS ~OSSI8LE. 'F NOT DETERMINED, PUT wUNKHOWN."
How DETERMINED?--SPECIFY THE EVIDENCE WHICH LEO YOU TO ASSIGN FUNCTION/USE.
COHDITION--CHE~K ONE OR MORE BOXES AS~AP~ROPRIATE.
PHYSICAL DATA--DESCRIBE HERE SPECIFIC DETAILS OF THE SIT~ ANO ITS rEATURES, 1NCLUOING
STRUCTURES; INCLUO~ ALL DETAILS N~CESSARY TO VISUALIZE EXACTLY WHAT TH~ RESOURCE LOOKS LIKE, WHAT
CULTURAL MATERIALS YOU DISCOVERED, WHERE ANO WHAT KIND OF VANDALISM IS OCCURNIMG, ETC. USE THE
rOLLOWING CHECKLIST AS A GUIDE, AND INCLUDE ORAWINGS WHERE AP~RO~R1AT~ TO CONVEY D~TAILS.
OeSCRIPTION CHECKLIST:
-- ..-:-- -. i. - -H'I-~TOAI C .'STRU.CYUAI:3 --
1. CgNSTRUCTION TECHNIOUE (LOG, P~ANK, rRAHE, VERTICAL BOARe/BATTEN, CHINKING TYPE, SAWN
BOARDS, STONE, 8RICK, POLE ,OUNOATION, # or STORIES, ETC.)
2. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS (CHIMNEY TY~E/LOCATION, WINDOW TY~E/SIZE/NUMeER/LOCATION, Roor TYPE/
MATeRIALS, CORNER TYPE, ~t:GS/NAILS, ETC.) .
3., ALTE~ATIONS (REMOOELING, AODITIONS, AOAPTED FOR NON-oRIGIHAL USE, ETC.)
4. FLOOR PL~N. ELEVATIONS (SCALE DRAWING OF FLOOR PLAN, EXTERIOR VIEWS, CORNER TYPES, ETC.)
5. OTHER (NAME 0, BUILDER, DESIGNER, rORMER OWNERS/TENANTS, DETAILS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS, TYPE
ANO OEGRE(~ANDALISM, SKETCHES OF ARTIFACTS PRESENT (OPIUM BOTTLES, NAIL TYPES, MINING EQUIPMENT,
STOVES, TOOLS, ETC.)
B. ARCH.EOLOGI CAL SITES. , . ,.
1. S''''~ACE fEATURES {HOUSEPITS, e:lCX AIilT, F'OUffOATI.QN RU8SU/ QUARR"l'--PITS, .f:~e.}
2. ARTIFACTS (BOTTLES, GRINOING STONES, PROJECTILE POINTS, ETC.)
3. DeBRIS (BONE FRAGMENTS, CHIPPING WA3TE, SHELLS, UNUSUAL CONCENTRATIONS OF ROCK, ETC.)
4 QTHER (OISTINCTIVE, PUZZLINQ, OR OTHERWISE NOTICEABLE ~ATURES; DENSITY ANO DISTRIBUTION OF
CULTURAL MATERIALS; TYPE AND OEGREE OF VANDALISM, SKETCHES O~ ARTIFACTS AND_,t,SURFACE "C"TURES, ETC.)
BLOCK 4.
OTHER
IMPACTS
EXPECTEO IM~ACTS--CHECK APPROPRIATE BLOCK. AND DESCRIBE THE SOURCE OF ANY EXPECTED IMPACTS
HARVEST, ORV S, ETC.)
'MITIGATION RECOMHENDATIONS--DCSCRI8E ANY ACTIONS WHICH MIGHT BE TAKEN TO AYOID OR TO MINIMIZ~
NOTED ABOVE.
ReCORDED BY--USE THE NAME or THE: PERSON WHO ACTuA~.LY COMPLETED THE FORM; Be: SURE TO 'NCLUOE
(TIMBER
THE DATE.
., I NVENTORY TY~E:--CHECK APPROPRIATE 80X(ES).
AUTHOR, AND OATE UNDER "REFERENCE."
ATTACHMENTS--(HECK APPROPRIATE BOXES.
LtAST,_ONE;~ ~l.ACK~,AND-WH" TE' PHOTOGRAPH AS PART OF"
D~:lRACl.~. 700. !~~!~A~~ ANY OTHER ATT~CHMEHTS
." .-
I F AN INVENTORY REPORT EXI:5TS. LIST TH: TITLt, ..
s..ACrS..--------+-.--.,.,---.. '-_:....:..'......-_' p.'
, -;; ~ '~, ~ ;:"" z :r f'::;-"'1~ -.;.' ;' ;-;~' ;:....:; ;-.-
';::.:-'-Rr:-
ALL ~ORMS ~ HAVE A SKETCH MA" 01" THe SIn: ANO AT
THE INYENTORY.RECORD. A USGS OR EQUIVALENT MA" IS
(~RIAL PHOTOS, CONTINUATION SHEETS. ETC. )"'N;'S~ANK:
--- ...~.;-....,,=. -";;:'~=~::::;;!:~:~=~i. .~;-..:;.;"..;.:-. "'-'~..';':(:"\;'~ .~. t_.... ',. .. ..,
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PHOTOGRAPHER
CULTURAL RESOURCE PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD > LaLanc;1e
35-JA-168
Reconn. or Survey Name Winburn Fuelbreak Job No. 647 Site No. RR-797
YEAR FILM TYPE CAMERA & LENS TYPE FILM RATED ASA PAGE: NO.
1983 ?1Ij.~ ~eq,m 6 If- I
EXP.
MO. DAY NO. S DB JECT SITE NO.
View south from Ashland Loop Road of Ashland
9 1 1 Crk. Watershed; Mt. Ashland on left center 35-JA-168
horizon; approx. location of site 35-JA-168
on Winburn Ridqe (riqht-center) shown w/arrow.
" " 2 View south of site 35-JA-168 from #100/#500 "
Roads iunction.
n n 3 View southwest of site 35-JA-168 from road II
iunction.
n II 4 View west of site 35-JA-168 from road junction. II
View northwest of site 35-JA-168 from road
n n 5 junction. (Road #100 on left; road #500 on II
riqht)
View east of site 35-JA-168 from road #100
n n 6 (crest of Winburn Ridge saddle) . n
Soil profile exposed in road-cut of road #500
n n 7 southeast perimeter of site 35-JA-168. "
View northeast of test-square transect I/: 1 ;
n n 8 foreground squares in road-grade of Rd. #100. "
View southwest of test-square transect #2;
n , " 9 foreground squares just south of Rd. #100. n
View northeast of test-square transect ~3;
" " 10 middleg~d squares in road #100. n
" II 11 Test-pit #1 completed; trowel points north. n
Test-pit #1 completed; note bedrock exposures
II n 12 throughout excavated area. n
n n 13 Test-pit #2 completed. "
Test-pit 1/:2 completed; note li ght-colored
II II 14 decomposed granodiorite exposed in profile n
of west wall.
RR-230Q-1
( 11/82)
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