HomeMy WebLinkAbout1992-121 Airport Minimum Standards CITY OF ASHLAND
PRIMARY FIXED BASE OPERATOR
Minimum Standards
at
ASHLAND MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
Ashland, Oregon
PURPOSE - The following "Minimum Standards" and requirements for
general aviation commercial aeronautical activities APPLY TO ANY
FIXED BASE OPERATION AT THE ASHLAND MUNICIPAL AIRPORT AND have
been established in the public interest for the safe and
efficient operation of the Ashland Municipal Airport (AIRPORT) to
enhance the orderly growth; to comply with Federal, State and
local government legal requirements; and to provide information
to parties operating or desiring to operate at the Airport.
These standards establish minimum levels of service that shall be
offered in order to protect the public welfare and prohibit
irresponsible, unsafe, or inadequate services. The City of
Ashland (CITY) reserves the right to waive these standards, or
portions thereof, when it deems in its discretion, such waiver is
in its best interest and would not be discriminatory to those
operations at the airport. FOR OTHER ACTIVITIES, pLEASE INQUIRE
REGARDING STANDARDS FOR THOSE PARTICULARS.
Set forth below are minimum standards and criteria applying to
the general aviation commercial activities at the airport.
SECTION 1. Definitions
The following terms used in the Minimum Standards are defined as
follows:
Aeronautical Activity - Any commercial activity which involves,
makes possible, or is required for the operation of general
aviation aircraft, or which contributes to or is required for the
safety of such operations, but does not include activities of Air
Carriers, Air Commuter Service providers, or the military.
Aeronautical Activity Provider - A commercial enterprise
providing one or more aeronautical activities for the general
aviation public as hereafter enumerated, also hereinafter called
a Specialty Operator.
Air Carriers - The commercial system of air transportation,
consisting of the Certified Route Air Carriers, Supplemental Air
Carriers, commercial operators of large aircraft (Aircraft
Charter), and Air Travel Clubs, all using aircraft capable of
carrying 60 or more passengers.
Air Commuter Service - An Air Taxi which performs at least five
round trips per week between two or more points and publishes
flight schedules which specify the times, days of the week, and
points between which flights are performed. Operators which are
registered under 14 CFR Part 298 may also operate aircraft of
less than 60 passenger, and less than 18,000 lb. payload
capacity. Air Taxis in this category are required to have a
lease and/or operating agreement with the City.
Aircraft Charter - The provision of aircraft larger than Air Taxi
for hire, with pilot, on an irregular or unscheduled basis in
accordance with FAR Part 121.
Aircraft Rental - The rental of an aircraft without a pilot.
Air Taxi - The carriage in air commerce of persons or property
for compensation or hire, on a demand basis, as a commercial
operator (not an air carrier) in aircraft having a maximum
seating capacity of less than 20 passengers or a maximum payload
capacity of less than 6,000 pounds, or the carriage in air
commerce of persons or property in common carriage operations
solely between points entirely within any state of the United
States in aircraft having a maximum seating capacity of 30 seats
or less or a maximum payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or less.
These operators operate in accordance with FAR Part 135.
Air Travel Club - An operator who engages in the carriage by
aircraft of persons who are required to qualify for that carriage
by payment of an assessment, dues, membership fee, or other
similar types of remittance.
Ashland Municipal Airport - Sumner-Parker Field, a municipal
general aviation airport operated by the City of Ashland, also
referred to as "AIRPORT".
Aviation Related Business - A business in which the service,
product, or activity is directly used in the operation or service
of aircraft.
Certificated Route Air Carrier - An air carrier holding a
Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity issued by DOT to
conduct scheduled services. Non-scheduled or charter operations
may also be conducted by these carriers.
city of Ashland - The City of Ashland, Oregon, an Oregon
Municipal Corporation and owner of the Ashland Municipal Airport,
also referred to as "CITY".
Fixed Base Operator - An Aeronautical Activity Provider meeting
specified minimum standards contained herein and providing one or
more Aeronautical Activities for general aviation users.
Flying Club - An association of pilots who collectively own,
lease, or rent aircraft. Each club must be a non-profit
corporation (in accordance with IRS rules) or partnership. Each
member must be a bona fide stockholder in the corporation. The
club's aircraft may not be used by other than bona fide members
for rental and by no one for commercial operations as defined by
these standards.
General Aviation - The following aviation activities: Use of
aircraft for private, business, recreational or agricultural
purposes, but not including the activities of Aeronautical
Activity Providers, Air Carriers, or military activity.
Minimum Standards - The qualifications established by the City in
this document as the minimum requirements to be met, as a
condition for the right to conduct an Aeronautical Activity on
the Airport.
Non-Commercial Aviation Operation - A business or corporate group
engaging in general aviation activity only for the private or
internal purposes of such business or corporate enterprise and
not offered as a commercial activity or service to the general
public.
Normal Business Hours - Eight (8) hours per day except as
otherwise authorized by the City.
Person - Individual, partnership, joint venture, corporation,
stock company, association, or any other business organization.
Primary Fixed Base Operator - The Fixed Base Operator leasing the
City terminal building, maintenance hangar and fueling facilities
from the City.
Ramp Service - The provision of minor services for aircraft
including loading and unloading, cleaning, washing, adding oil,
parking, and tying down of aircraft. Ramp Service may also
include minor repairs performed on the ramp that can be completed
in an 8-hour period and that do not require major disassembly of
aircraft.
Scheduled Air Carrier - An Air Carrier performing regularly
scheduled air transportation over specific routes to and from
Ashland. Scheduled Air Carriers are required to have an
operating agreement with the City.
Specialty Operator - See Aeronautical Activity Provider.
Supplemental Air Carrier - An Air Carrier holding a Certificate
of Public Convenience and Necessity issued by DOT authorizing the
carrier to perform passenger and cargo charter services
supplementing the scheduled service of the Certificated Route Air
Carriers. Such carriers are not directly covered by the Minimum
Standards unless based at the Airport. Such carriers are
required to have an operating agreement with the City.
SECTION 2. Permit - No person, including an Aeronautical Service
Provider, shall offer or perform an Aeronautical Activity,
operation, or service at the Airport without written authority
for such service, operation or activity having first been
obtained from the City. Such authority will generally be
contained in a permit from, or lease, or operating agreement
with, the City. Aeronautical Activities of Scheduled Air
Carriers' and municipal, state and federal agencies shall be
required under other appropriate regulations and agreements with
the City.
SECTION 3. Exclusive License Prohibited. No permit, license, or
lease for exclusive rights to provide an aeronautical activity,
service, or operation at the Airport shall be issued by the City,
unless such licenses or leases are permitted by law. The City
may grant permits or leases to other persons for the performance
of services as provided in these standards, provided that said
person complies with the minimum requirements as set forth in
these standards.
SECTION 4. Ground Lease and Structures. Operators who are
required by the nature of the Aeronautical Activity at the
Airport who desire, or who are required by these Minimum
Standards, to provide or obtain ground space and to occupy
structures at the Airport for such activities, shall enter into a
lease agreement(s) with the City for rental of such land and/or
structure on such terms and provision as the City shall require;
provided, however, the terms and provisions of the lease shall
not be arbitrarily discriminatory to the lessee. All lessees
must first be approved by the City and lease proposals shall be
evaluated against, and guided by, these Minimum Standards. The
City shall allocate ground space to Lessees in accordance with
the City's policies, Airport Master Plan and land use plans
adopted by the City. Such leasees shall be required to obtain a
business license and a license for commercial activities at the
Ashland Municipal Airport to engage in the specified Aeronautical
Activity.
4.1 Ail structures erected at the airport shall comply with
all applicable building regulations, including fire, electrical
and plumbing codes. Structural and architectural design of all
structures shall be subject to written approval of the City.
4.2 Termination of Lessee's ground lease or operating
agreement without other satisfactory arrangements for ground use
by the Lessee having been made with the City shall automatically
revoke the license or permit for all Aeronautical activity,
service or operation at the Airport.
SECTION 5. Fixed Base Operator Categories
This section describes the various categories of Aeronautical
Activity Providers (Fixed Base Operators) that are permitted to
conduct commercial Aeronautical Activity, and to have a leasehold
upon the airport. An FBO may combine any or all of the
categories below, subject to the City's FBO Operator Standards
for the Airport and the prior approval of the City. Also
included within this section are descriptions of aviation related
activities which may have a leasehold but which are not FBOs and
may not conduct commercial aeronautical activities, i.e., flying
clubs and corporate/private use tenants.
The primary Fixed Base Operator shall provide services as defined
herein.
CATEGORY A. PRIMARY FIXED BASE OPERATOR STI%NDARDS
In order to conduct a fixed base operation at the Ashland
Municipal Airport (Airport), the City of Ashland (City) requires
the Primary Fixed Base Operator (PFBO) to meet the qualifications
and minimum requirements for conducting a nonexclusive fixed base
operation on the Airport as set forth below.
I. Oualifications
A. Prior to entering into a fixed base operator agreement,
the proposed PFBO shall demonstrate the following to the
satisfaction of the City:
1. Experience in fixed base operations, or other
aeronautical experience prior to the date proposed to
commence a nonexclusive fixed base operation on the
Airport.
2. Demonstrate good moral character, including but not
limited to no convictions for:
a®
Criminal offenses incident to a public or private
contract or subcontract;
Violations of the Organized Crime Control Act of
1970;
Violation of Federal Anti-Trust statutes;
Embezzlement, fraud or similar crimes which are
indicative of a lack of business integrity, or the
suspension or debarment from award of public
contracts or terminations of a public contract.
3. Financial ability to carry out all of the terms and
conditions of a nonexclusive fixed base operator
agreement.
4. Ability to furnish good, prompt, efficient and
courteous service on a nonprejudicial basis, adequate
to meet all reasonable demands of the public.
5. The applicant for Airport lease will submit a
financial statement including all names of owners, of
Officers if applicant is a Corporation. Any subsequent
change in Officers will be submitted to the City during
the duration of the lease.
II. Minimum Requirements and Performance Standards
A. The PFBO or a subtenant operating under a sublease duly
authorized by the City, shall provide the following minimum
goods and services at the Ashland Airport. The City
reserves the right to enter into a non-exclusive agreement
with an individual other than a PFBO to provide one or more
of said minimum goods and services on the Airport. The PFBO
shall provide to the General Aviation market the following
minimum goods, services and facilities:
1. A sufficient number of PFBO owned-leased aircraft
shall be permanently based at the Ashland Airport:
a. For flight training requirements, and
b. To reasonably satisfy the needs of the
community for rental aircraft. Other types of
aircraft are at the option of the lessee.
2. Line services, on a non-contract, on-demand basis
during business hours, seven (7) days a week,
consisting of:
a. Aircraft parking facilities, including
transient, term and/or monthly aircraft tie-down
as indicated on lease map, Exhibit A;
b. Fuel sales and fuel handling services to
General Aviation aircraft, during normal business
hours.
c. The PFBO shall provide 80, 100 and turbine
fuel unless otherwise authorized by the City.
d. Collection of certain airport fees levied by
the City.
e. An aircraft maintenance and repair shop in an
enclosed hangar building(s) capable of holding a
minimum of one light twin engine aircraft, within
12 months from executing lease, if building
construction beyond the additional structure is
required.
f. Maintenance,. inspection and repair of
airframes, aircraft engines and aircraft
accessories by at least one airplane and power
plant mechanic (A&P/IA) certified by the FAA to
provide such maintenance, inspection and repair
services.
g. An adequate store of aircraft maintenance and
service components.
h. The existing terminal building with a total
area not less than 1,000 square feet of ground
floor space, providing office area and public
facilities, including a pilots' lounge, public
restrooms, public telephones and access to ground
transportation.
i. A manned Unicom radio transceiver.
j. An adequate supply of merchandise and
materials related to the operation and safety of
General Aviation such as, but not limited to:
1. flight materials
2. maps and charts
3. log books
4. flight computers
5. manuals
Such minimum goods, services and facilities must be provided
directly by the PFBO or by a subtenant operating under a sublease
approved by City prior to the initiation of the sublease.
For the purpose of these standards and services Commercial
Aviation is defined as all operations and aeronautical activities
performed by air carriers, air charters, air taxis, non-scheduled
operators and military. General Aviation includes all other
aeronautical operations.
3. Fuel Storage and Handling.
a. The PFBO shall have personnel, trained in FAA fuel
handling procedures, on the premises during normal
business hours, and on-call seven (7) days a week, who
will provide fuel sales and fuel handling procedures
shall be in accordance with FAA Advisory Circular
150/5230-4 "Aircraft Fuel Storage, Handling and
Dispensing on Airports".
b. Ail fuel storage and dispensing facilities
constructed, installed and/or maintained on the Airport
must be approved by the City.
c. Any fuel delivered into any aircraft by the PFBO
shall be dispensed through a filter, conforming to FAA
requirements, at the Ashland Airport.
d. Fueling of aircraft by a PFBO at a location other
than the PFBO's leased premises shall be permitted only
in the event the PFBO is requested to do so by the
customer being served.
4. The PFBO shall obtain and keep in full force and effect
at all times all approvals, licenses, permits and
certificates necessary to conduct a fixed base operation on
the Airport.
5. The PFBO shall comply with all laws, ordinances, rules,
regulations, directives and circulars issued by any federal,
state or local government agency having jurisdiction over
the Airport, including but not limited to the requirements
of Title VI of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964, any Exclusive
Right prohibitions, all Affirmative Action requirements of
Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 152 and lease
provisions required by the FAA.
6. The PFBO shall comply with all the rules and regulations
established and maintained by the City.
7. The PFBO shall obtain FAA approval, by way of FAA Form
7460-1 or any other appropriate approvals, prior to
commencing any construction or installation on the
leasehold.
8. The PFBO shall provide reasonable security for the
leased premises.
9. The PFBO shall provide necessary and appropriate
training of all employees including, but not limited to,
training in fuel safety and fire and accident procedures.
10. The PFBO shall submit to lessor monthly reports of
operations, such reports to include but not be limited to
data relative to fuel sales, landings and takeoffs, hangar
occupancy, number of tie-downs occupied, special events, and
narrative information as to overall usage of the subject
airport.
11. It is mutually understood and agreed that City shall
have access to the PFBO's accounts and records at any time
during the normal business hours upon three days' notice for
the purposes of audit. It is further understood and agreed
that the City shall have the right to one unannounced audit
per year at the City's expense.
It is mutually understood and agreed that incidental to this
right of inspection, that the PFBO shall keep acceptable
accounting records according to standard approved accounting
procedures for income tax purposes during the term of this lease
and for at least three (3) years after the expiration of the
lease or the extension thereof.
III. Other FBO Rendered Services
The PFBO will serve as the City's representative
disseminating and monitoring the Rules and Regulations Pertaining
to the Ashland Municipal Airport as adopted by Council Resolution
No. 78-10 or as amended by the City Council (Exhibit A,
attached).
IV. Other Services
In the conduct of its fixed base operation, the PFBO may
conduct other types of business listed in categories B through K
on its leased premises subject to the approval of the Airport
Commission and City Administrator or authorized designee, or at
such other locations as may be approved by the city Administrator
or authorized designee.
CATEGORY B. AVIATION FUEL SALES AND RAMP SERVICE
CATEGORY C. FLIGHT INSTRUCTION AND AIRCRAFT RENTAL
CATEGORY D. AIRCRAFT CHARTER AND AIR TAXI
CATEGORY E. CROP DUSTING AND SPRAYING
AIRCRAFT SALES
AIRCRAFT, ENGINEt PROPELLER AND ACCESSORY
CATEGORY F.
CATEGORY G.
MAINTENANCE
CATEGORY H.
INSTALLATION
CATEGORY I.
CATEGORY J.
CATEGORY K.
CATEGORY L.
CATEGORY M.
RADIO AND INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCEt REPAIR AND
SALE OF PARTS
AIRCRAFT PAINTING
HANGAR KEEPER
AIRPORT TENANT (CORPORATE ADN PRIVATE USE)
FLYING CLUBS
SECTION 9. Noise Impact.
Due consideration for the noise impact on the community
surrounding the Airport will be given by the FBO in the selection
of aircraft and related activities.
In the event the above standards conflict with the
provisions of the City or other applicable local, state or
Federal regulatory agency, the most restrictive standard shall be
applied.
SECTION 10. Facilities Development.
The City has the right to further develop and improve the
airport, its property, improvements and future facilities,
including hangar construction as the City deems appropriate to
the public interest and shall have no responsibilitY to the FBO
for any loss of revenue which might be caused by such development
or improvement.
SECTION 11. Standard Lease Provisions:
Lessee and Persons entering into operating agreements will
be required to sign agreements containing standard lease language
in accordance with the following:
A. Insurance - The City imposes certain insurance
requirements on all permittees and Lessees. The types of
insurance coverages and amount of insurance (minimum limits)
may be adjusted periodically by the City Administrator or
authorized designee and may be tailored for a specific
permit or lease. A copy of the types and amounts of
required insurance can be obtained from the City. The
following list is an example of what the City may require,
but not necessarily be limited to.
1. Airport Premises Insurance: This insurance
protects the City and the public against any and all
liability by reason of licensee's conduct incidental to
licensee's business at the Airport caused by or arising
out of any wrongful act, or omission to act, of
licensee.
2. Fire Insurance. Fire insurance will provide
coverage on buildings and all facilities occupied for
full replacement value unless other coverage amounts
have been approved by the City. The proceeds from any
fire insurance shall be used for the restoration or
reconstruction of the facility(s) should the City so
elect that this be done.
3. Hangar Keeper's Legal Liability Insurance. This
insurance protects the City and the public against any
and all liability by reason of licensee's use, control,
or storage of aircraft.
4. Aviation Product Liability Insurance. This
insurance protects the City and the public against any
and all liability by reason of licensee conducting a
repair station, selling lubricants, products, or
equipment, and other such services.
5. Automobile Liability Insurance. This insurance
protects the City and the public against any and all
liability by reason of licensee's vehicles, whether
owned, leased, borrowed, or used in licensee's
operations at the Airport.
6. Aircraft Liability Insurance. This insurance
protects the City and the public against any and all
liability by reason of aircraft operation by licensee.
7. Worker's Compensation Insurance. Operators will be
required to obtain the statutorily required workers
compensation insurance, for all of its employees
engaged in work under the terms of the license.
8. General Requirements - Ail Insurance. Operators
will be required to name the city as an additional
insured on Licensee's insurance policies. Each policy
shall contain an endorsement entitling the City to 30
days prior written notice of any material change or
cancellation. Insurance policies required shall be
placed with companies acceptable to the City and shall
be in such form as the City prescribes. A copy of all
policies or certificates of insurance thereof
satisfactory to the City shall be delivered to the City
prior to commencement of licensee's operations showing
the City is an additionally named insured, a
certificate of insurance evidencing the coverage in
effect, limits and expiration date.
B. License and Permit Fees. The fee for licenses and
permits shall be as determined by the City. These fees
shall be due at time of issuance or renewal of license or
permit, and shall be payable in such manner as determined by
the City and specified in the permit, license, lease, or
other applicable regulation.
C. Exclusive Use of Premises. Any licensee wishing
exclusive use of any premises upon the airport must enter
into a lease agreement with the City, upon such terms,
conditions and provisions as contained in the lease
agreement.
D. Termination of Lease or License. The failure of a
lessee, permittee, or licensee to comply with the terms of
the lease, license, permit, or operating agreement will give
the City the right to terminate the agreement or permit.
A licensee may appeal any license termination to the City
Administrator upon filing written notice of appeal with the City
Administrator within 10 days after termination.
E. Notice. Ail Aeronautical Activity Providers shall
notify the City Administrator or designee in writing of
Aeronautical Activity Providers current mailing address.
Any notice given by City to Aeronautical Activity Providers
shall be deemed to have been received upon personal receipt,
or if mailed, either the date of receipt if mailed by
certified mail, return receipt requested, or three days
after the date of mailing, whether mailed by certified mail
or first class mail, whichever occurs first.
F. Operation of Business. No Aeronautical Activity
Provider shall conduct their business so as to cause a
nuisance or to disturb the quiet enjoyment of others, or
unreasonably interfere with the operation of other
Aeronautical Activity Providers at the Airport. No
Aeronautical Activity Provider shall interfere with the
convenience or safety of transient aircraft or other
operations of the airport. If Aeronautical Activity
Provider's flight operations interfere with the safety or
convenience of other aircraft, airport users, or air
operations, the City may impose restrictions upon such
Aeronautical Activity Provider.
G. Registration of Aircraft and Commercial Pilots. Any
aircraft owned or operated by the licensee and used in its
operation shall be registered with the State of Oregon in
compliance with ORS 493.030 except as individually
registered or covered by a current aircraft dealer's
license. Any pilot employed by licensee or any pilot using
any of licensee's aircraft shall be registered with the
State of Oregon as required by ORS 493.040, except as
exempted by said statute.
H. Non-discrimination. Aeronautical Activity Provider,
permittee, licensee, or lessee, their heirs, personal
representatives, successors in interest and assigns shall
not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion,
sex or national origin in the conduct of its business,
furnishing of services, or construction of any improvements
if permitted by City.
I. Combination with Other Operator. No operator shall
combine their operations or quarters with any other operator
without prior written approval of the city.
J. Use of Airport Premises. Operator shall use the airport
premises in compliance with all rules and regulations
imposed by City, State, or United States Government,
including those imposed pursuant to Title 49, Code of
Federal Regulations, Department of Transportation, Subtitle
A, office of the Secretary, Part 21, Non-discrimination of
Federally Assisted Programs of the Department of
Transportation--Effectuation of Title VI of the civil Rights
Act of 1964, and as said rules regulations or statues may be
amended after issuance of the license.
SECTION 12. Severability. The sections and subsections of these
minimum standards are hereby declared severable, and the
invalidity of any one section or subsection, word, paragraph or
sentence shall not effect the validity of the remaining sections,
subsections, words, sentences or paragraphs.
Catherine M. Golden, Mayor
22
CITY OF ASHLAND
ASHLAND MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
MINIMUM INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITY PROVIDERS
JULY 1989
The City of Ashland will require any or all, but not be limited
to, the following minimum insurance types and amounts for
aeronautical activity providers at the Ashland Municipal Airport.
Each individual Aeronautical Activity Provider will be analyzed
by the City for specific requirements.
Aeronautical Activity Providers are required to produce proof of
insurance as required by the City of Ashland prior to issuance of
a Business License (Ashland Municipal Code Title 6, Chapter 6.04)
or Licenses for Commercial Activities at the Ashland Municipal
Airport (Ashland Municipal Code, Title 6, Chapter 6.38).
General definitions of the types of insurance are contained in
section ll.A of the General Aviation Minimum Standards for the
Ashland Municipal Airport as adopted by the Ashland City Council.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS-ALL INSURANCE
Operators will be required to name the City as an additional
insured on Licensee's insurance policies. Each policy shall
contain an endorsement entitling the City to 30 days prior
written notice of any material change or cancellation.
Insurance policies required shall be placed with companies
acceptable to the city and shall be in such form as the City
prescribes. A copy of all policies or certificates of
insurance thereof satisfactory to the City shall be
delivered to the City prior to commencement of licensee's
operations showing the City is an additionally named
insured, a certificate of insurance evidencing the coverage
in effect, limits and expiration date.
AIRPORT PREMISES INSURANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be $1,000,000.
FIRE INSURANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be for the full
replacement value of the facilities. The proceeds from any
fire insurance shall be used for the restoration or
reconstruction of the facility(ies) should the City so elect
that this be done.
HANGAR KEEPERS LEGAL LIABILITY INSURANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be $100,000 for each
aircraft and $500,000 each occurence.
AVIATION PRODUCT LIABLITY INSURANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be $1,000,000.
AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY INSURANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be $500,000 combined
single limit liability for bodily injury including death,
and property damage in any one occurence.
AIRCRAFT LIABLITY INSUP, ANCE
The minimum insurance coverage shall be $1,000,000 provided
however that if licensee operates aircraft with the capacity
of more than four (4) persons, including pilot and/or flight
crew, minimum amount of coverage required shall be
$2,000,000. If operation of aircraft with a capacity of
more than four (4) persons is occaisional, licensee shall
furnish proof of insurance prior to each operation.
WORKER'S COMPENSATION INSUBANCE
Ail Aeronautical Activity Providers will be required to
obtain the statutorily required workers compensation
insurance, for all of its employees engaged in work under
the terms of the lease.