HomeMy WebLinkAbout2007-0319 Study Session Packet
/
CITY OF
ASHLAND
CITY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION
AGENDA
Monday, March 19,2007 at 5:15 p.m.
Council Chambers, 1175 East Main Street
1. Discussion of Update on the City's Fleet Program
2. Look Ahead Review
3. Discussion of Mayor and Council proposed budget
4. Review of regular meeting agenda for March 20, 2007
In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in
this meeting, please contact the City Administrators office at (541) 488-6002 (TTY phone number
1-800-735-2900). Notification 72 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable
arrangements to ensure accessibility to the meeting (28 CFR 35.102-35.104 ADA Title 1).
r~'
CITY OF
ASHLAND
Council Communication
Study Session - Update on the City's Fleet Program
Meeting Date: March 19, 2007
Department: Public WO~kS / E ui ment
Contributing Departments: ce
Approval: Martha Benn
v
Primary Staff Contact: Paula Brown
E-mail: brownp@ashland.or.us
Secondary Staff Contact: Mike Morrison, Jr.
E-mail: morrism@ashland.or.us
Estimated Time: 35 minutes
552-2412'~.JV- /
1
552-2355
Statement:
This item will provide the Council with a status of the City's equipment fleet program, review of current fleet
purchasing practices, overview of available alternative technologies, and the progress of our equipment program in
transition as we plan for a more "greener" fleet. Staff will also provide recommendations for continued improvements
and new initiatives. Staff will have several vehicles on display and be available for any questions at the Council
parking lot at 4:45 pm prior to the meeting.
Staff Recommendation:
Although this is a study session and no formal action is requested, staff desires Council's input and direction on the
following recommendations as we move toward formation of new budget strategies and policies.
Staff is focusing on three new initiatives and requests Councils support for:
1. Creation of an Equipment Acquisition Committee to evaluate planned equipment purchases and recommend
changes to Council on future purchasing proposals which may include:
Allowance for up to a 40% cost increase per light duty vehicle to purchase low emission alternatives
(a standard Ford Escape costs the City $18,000-20,000 yet the hybrid version of the same vehicle is
$25,000-28,000)
Increasing the heavy duty vehicle replacement frequency to bring all vehicles into the current
emissions standards more quickly. This would increase overall vehicle replacement costs for the
next 5-10 years.
Developing a Green Fleet Transition Plan by October 2008 to reduce vehicle emissions, improve air
quality and promote attainable solutions that are affordable, renewable and sustainable.
2. Pooling and sharing some of the City's inter- and intra- departmental heavy equipment (dump trucks, back
hoes, etc) and looking for ways to decrease the size of the fleet (number of vehicles and pieces of
equipment). In addition, "right size" the fleet by going to a smaller sized vehicle whenever possible.
3. Continue to investigate options for use of alternative and new technologies
. Replace up to 25% of the light duty fleet with alternative technology vehicles (hybrids, electric
vehicles, duel fuel vehicles etc.)
Use bio-diesel as much as possible within manufacturer recommendations
Evaluate the use of fuel additives to reduce vehicle emissions
Evaluate the purchase of foreign made alternative vehicles
The proposed changes to the purchasing strategy for the City's fleet reflect an increasing awareness to reduce
negative environmental impacts. The proposal under consideration is an aggressive effort to improve our overall
efficiency and reduce emissions. This is not a low cost proposal and will take a considerable financial commitment
from our city. If Council desires, staff will bring forward a proposal to implement this strategy. If the cost of this
proposal is greater than expected, any portion of the plan can be implemented with an improvement to reducing our
combined fleet emissions.
G:\pub-wrks\admin\PB Council\CC Fleet Info 20Feb07.doc
Page I of 5
rj.1
Background:
During the FY06 budget process, and even in years past, the size of the City's fleet, not just the number of vehicles,
but also the physical size of each vehicle and the relative efficiency of each vehicle was questioned. Over the last
several years, your staff has diligently looked at each piece of new equipment and replacement equipment with
safety and efficiency in mind. For our fleet management staff, efficiency is not only fuel economy, but emissions, use
of the vehicle for more than just one purpose, and economic efficiency or cost.
Fleet Composition: Over the years, the Fleet Maintenance Division has recognized the need to not only
accommodate other Department's needs, but also provide a standard for quality and quantity of our fleet. Staff has
looked at ways to meet the needs for our personnel, their job functions and also look at Ashland's desire for
sustainability through the reduction of fuel use and reduction in vehicle emissions. Although there are times when
staff must acquiesce to the needs of the other Department and agree to a larger vehicle, it is not until we have looked
at all of the alternatives and competing requirements for the use of the vehicle/equipment.
Fleet Management personnel broadly categorize the fleet into three categories: Light Duty Vehicles; Heavy Duty or
Special Use Vehicles; and Heavy Equipment. Each type of vehicle has its particular use and often doubles for other
uses.
Current Fleet Light Duty Vehicles
. Police Patrol, Police sedans, etc
Light Duty Heavy Duty I Heavy total . Crew trucks, F350
Vehicles Special Use Equipment . Inspection vehicles, SUVs, etc
gas 48 17 5 70 Heavy Duty I Special Use
gas hybrid 4 4 . Sweeper, Dump Trucks
diesel 7 29 15 51 . Vactor, Water Trucks
natural gas 1 1 . Electric Rigs
. Ambulance, Fire Apparatus
propane 1 1
electric 2 2 Heavy Equipment
. Backhoes, Loader
total 71 46 23 129 . Forklifts, Dozer
Many of our vehicles have specific requirements. Our police patrol vehicles must meet certain requirements to be
"Patrol rated." There are only two vehicles that meet this rating; the Crown Victoria (that we use) and the Dodge
Charger. Both are gas powered with little opportunity for adjustments. The police detective vehicles are not required
to be patrol rated and can be smaller as long as they have room for the police equipment.
The public works crew cab trucks are typically 4 wheel drive vehicles sized to carry a three-person crew and their
equipment. These trucks double as snow plows and need to be able to climb the steep terrain in the winter.
Typically these are one-ton crew cabs (Ford F350 or similar).
Fleet Maintenance: The Fleet Maintenance staff balances the need for scheduled replacements with the
maintenance liability of each vehicle. Much of the maintenance is completed in-house by our shop personnel and
they become familiar with the requirements of each vehicle or piece of equipment. The shop personnel help to guide
the vehicle/equipment operators, so that the vehicles are used appropriately and are sustained in good condition.
If a piece of equipment requires continual or excessive maintenance, then early replacement is recommended.
Conversely, if the vehicle or piece of equipment continues to operate adequately past its normal life expectancy, then
it is recommended for deferred replacement. In general, our police and fire vehicles are heavily used and are
routinely replaced earlier than at the end of useful life expectancy. In some cases, a certain type of vehicle may not
perform as well and that may affect the requirement for unscheduled replacements or differing purchases.
G:\pub-wrks\admin\PB Council\CC Fleet Info 20Feb07.doc
Page 2 of 5
r.,
All vehicle maintenance is tracked through work orders for each individual piece of equipment. Not only is the
specific complaint item examined when the equipment is brought in, but there is a typical standard set of
maintenance items is also checked when the vehicle goes into the shop. Staff is beginning to benchmark shop
mechanic productivity as compared to industry standards (APWA and SA E) and relate that to emphasis areas for
overall improvement. In addition, we are also looking at benchmarking vehicle downtime and relative priorities for
vehicles (ie: ambulance and other life safety vehicles will have priority over dump trucks.. .). Staff routinely works
with external vendors to provide non-standard or major maintenance items. Approximately 10-15% of our
maintenance work is performed by external vendors or mechanics.
Fleet Age: Typically staff recommends replacement of vehicles at the end of the vehicle's useful life. Police
vehicles often are replaced earlier so that the age of the fleet is relatively young (or new). The average age of our
fleet is 6.4 years.
Age of Vehicles and Equipment
20
Average age is 6.4 years
I/)
~ 15
:E
Q)
>
'0 10
....
Q)
..c
E
;::,
z 5
o
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Model Year
Fleet Purchases: When it is determined that a vehicle or piece of equipment is in need of replacement, the first
check is to see if the standard State bid has that particular vehicle. That allows the City to utilize a statewide contract
that has already gone to bid and typically is able to purchase the vehicle at a reduced cost. Approximately 75% of
the City's light duty vehicles are purchased through the state bid. For maintenance purposes, the City also tries to
standardize purchases and not have one-of-a-kind vehicles. Hybrid vehicles (gas - electric) and natural gas vehicles
are also available on State contracts. The majority of the heavy duty and medium duty vehicles are more specialized
and require individual specifications. Currently there is only one natural gas vehicle on the state bid and that is the
Honda Civic. Although Ford still offers hybrids, they discontinued their natural gas line in 2004. There has been a
policy (perhaps just an unwritten policy) to purchase US made vehicles when at all possible. Council may wish to re-
direct staff to evaluate options for foreign alternative fuel vehicles.
Fleet Replacement Process: Several factors are used to determine when a vehicle is due to be replaced. Age,
maintenance costs, downtime, number of miles or hours of use and appropriateness of the unit for the job it's doing,
are all used to determine when the vehicle will be replaced. When it's determined that a unit is nearing the end of its
usable life cycle, a replacement vehicle will be determined. The replacement vehicle will be decided with the
combined knowledge of the fleet maintenance staff and the user department. In the past the thinking was often "the
bigger the better," but over the past several years the emphasis has changed to what do we need, and can we go
smaller. The vehicles intended use, required weight capacity; number of passengers, towability, and typical terrain
of operation are all factored into the replacement. It is then determined what type of vehicle will most effectively do
the required tasks. When it is determined what type of vehicle needed, alternatives to conventional vehicles are
always considered. The alternatives are only available in a few applications, but they have now become the priority
for replacement. Safety is our primary concern, then efficiency.
G:\pub-wrks\admin\PB Council\CC Fleet Info 20Feb07.doc
Page 3 of 5
~~,
When the appropriate type of vehicle has been determined, the anticipated replacement cost will be added to the
upcoming equipment replacement budget. When the equipment budget has been approved the replacement vehicle
acquisition process will begin. We use existing state contracts whenever possible as they get the best pricing. If the
desired vehicle cannot be purchased using a state contract, the appropriate process for the anticipated price of the
vehicle will be used. When the new vehicle arrives and is ready for service, the vehicle being replaced will be taken
out of service and disposed of properly, usually a sealed bid auction or trade in. The new vehicle will be put into
service and funds will then be put away for its eventual replacement.
Changes to Fleet over Time:
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
gas 72 70 71 72 72 70
gas hybrid 1 4
diesel 49 48 49 50 51 51
natural gas 1 1 1 1 1 1
propane 1 1 1 1 1
electric 1 2 2 2 2
total 121 121 123 126 127 129
Fleet Replacement Fees: A vehicle is purchased once and then the using department will pay an annual
replacement cost to generate funds for the following vehicle replacement. There have been three different methods
used to dispose of vehicles; 1) trade-in for new purchases; 2) sale at auction; 3) "trade" to another department for
short term use (not typically recommended as the maintenance on vehicles recommended for retirement are
generally high).
Training and Safety: A primary concern for fleet purchases is safety. Many of the City's vehicles must operate on
very steep streets and be able to carry loads up hills. This will impact the size of the vehicle, the engine size, braking
requirements and other safety factors to ensure the safety of our employees. It would be very difficult to have our
fleet maintenance staff compromise on vehicle safety.
New Ideas for Green Fleet Transition:
Goal: reduce emissions and reliance on fossil fuel powered engines
Priorities: If the priority is to meet the goal of overall emissions reductions and to reduce fossil fuel use, then the
considerations for costs must be balanced when evaluating vehicle purchases. Going "green" will likely not be the
least expensive option as it will require more capital costs for the initial vehicle purchases (hybrid-electric, natural gas
vehicles). In addition, it currently costs more for biodiesel and/or natural gas systems than gasoline or diesel, but
there are environmental benefits.
The attached presentation shows some of the pros and cons to alternative technology use. Thes are by no means
exhaustive, but will give Council a general fell for the concerns.
Staff's Initiatives for Consideration: As stated in the recommendations, staff is focusing on three new initiatives
and requests Councils support for:
1. Creation of a equipment acquisition committee to evaluate planned equipment purchases and recommend
changes to Council on future purchasing proposals to include:
Allowance for up to a 40% cost increase per light duty vehicle to purchase low emission alternatives
(for instance, a standard Ford Escape costs the City $18,000-20,000 yet the hybrid version of the
same vehicle is $25,000-28,000)
G:\pub-wrks\admin\PB Council\CC Fleet Info 20Feb07.doc
Page 4 of 5
rA'
Increase the frequency for heavy duty vehicle replacement to bring all vehicles into the current
emissions standards more quickly. This would also increase cost requirements for vehicle
replacement costs over the next 5-10 years.
Target developing a Green Fleet Transition Plan by October 2008 to reduce vehicle emissions,
improve air quality and healthy living for Ashland, and promote attainable solutions that are
affordable, renewable and sustainable.
2. Pooling and sharing some of the City's inter- and intra- departmental fleet's heavy equipment (dump trucks,
back hoes, etc) and looking for ways to decrease the size of the fleet (number of vehicles and pieces of
equipment). In addition, "right size" the fleet by going to a smaller sized vehicle whenever operationally
possible and reduce vehicle idling time (morning starts, stand by for work, etc) to reduce fuel use and air
emissions.
3. Continue to investigate options for use of alternative and new technologies
With improved technology, each vehicle replacement will be cleaner than its predecessor by an
average of 20% or more
Replace up to 25% of the light duty fleet with alternative technology vehicles (hybrids, electric
vehicles, duel fuel vehicles etc.); target achieving an average of 20% reduction in emission for each
vehicle replaced.
Evaluate realistic options for 1 ton and specialized vehicles in addition to the sharing options shown
above.
Use bio-diesel as much as possible within manufacturer recommendations
~ Conduct an accurate analysis of current (2007) use of biodiesel
~ B20 for year around diesel fleet that is out of warranty;
~ Phase in B50 with testing for summer (July, August, September) use
~ Target opportunities for B20 testing for emergency vehicles.
~ Gain insights from Portland's testing and use by the City of Toronto
Evaluate the use of fuel additives to reduce vehicle emissions
Evaluate the purchase of foreign made alternative vehicles (Toyota and Honda)
Related City Policies:
Budget
Valdez Principles
Council Options:
Staff requests Council's direction on the next steps for a "greener" fleet. Council may opt to ask for additional
information or give emphasis to staff's recommended initiatives.
Potential Motions:
None - study session
Attachments:
City of Ashland Fleet Presentation
G:\pub-wrks\admin\PB Council\CC Fleet Info 20Feb07.doc
Page 5 of 5
r.l'
City of Ashland
Fleet
City of Ashland - Fleet
· 129 Vehicle in service
-60 Light duty vehicles
-46 Heavy duty/ Specialized vehicles
-23 Heavy equipment
Light Duty Vehicles
. 60 Vehicles in this class
- 52 Gas Powered
. Including 4 hybrids
- 7 Diesel Powered
- 1 Natural Gas
City of Ashland
Fleet
. Overview of our city fleet
. Review of current purchasing practices
. Pros and cons of alternative technologies
. Our potential use of these technologies
. Options for future purchasing strategies
City of Ashland - Fleet
· Large fleet for a city of this size
- Three departments other cities this size do
not usually operate
. Electric Department
. Fire Department- Ambulance service
. AFN
Heavy Duty / Special Use Vehicles
. 46 of these vehicles in operation
- 29 Diesel Powered
-17 Gas Powered
1
Heavy Equipment
. 23 Units
- 15 Diesel powered
- 5 Gas Powered
- 2 Electric Powered
- 1 Propane Powered
Vehicle Use
Department using the vehicle
- Intended use
- What type of loads will it carry, and how much
do the loads weigh
- How many people will the vehicle need to
ca rry
- Will the vehicle be used in more than one
application
Efficiency & Safety
. Adequate breaking for typical terrain
. Correct engine size for expected load
. Correct weight carrying capacity for
anticipated application
. Vehicle size vs. application
- Go smaller whenever possible
- Can a smaller vehicle safely do the required
tasks
- Will a smaller vehicle be overworked
Vehicle Replacement
. Vehicle use
. Efficiency and safety
- Job efficiency
- Fuel economy
- Correct vehicle size for the application
. Cost
Vehicle Size
. In a heavy duty application, larger vehicles
will do the job more efficiently
"
II'
J~
11.,;"""".,,,.-..,....;.<-,,..,,'"",,,,,,
~~\~ ',jl~~iW~I!:'i:"':r'r" "'Hoi.,,#
........fJ"+' ,,"',' , 'Q ".... "
~.ii ..
2
Why We Use 1-Ton Trucks
. Needed for weight carrying capacity
. Used for trailer towing
. Used in specialty applications
- Small dump trucks
- Ambulances
- Snow plow/sanders
- Brush fire fighting units
- Sewer rodding/cleaning
- Electric department bucket truck
3
Vehicle Cost
. Is the replacement vehicle available on a
state contract?
. Will added cost for alternative
technologies be offset by fuel savings?
. What is the priority, cost or "green"?
Heavy Duty / Special Use Vehicles
. Alternative technologies available in this
class include-
- Biodiesel
- Diesel particulate filters
- Diesel oxidation catalysts
Alternative Technologies - Hybrids
. Pros
- Improved fuel
economy
- Reduced emissions
- Similar to standard
vehicles in range and
operation
. Cons
- Limited models available
- Significantly more
expensive than a non-
hybrid equivalent
- Only available in light
duty and smaller vehicles
- Expensive battery that
has a life expectancy of 7
to 8 years
. Battery cost $7,000
Light Duty Vehicles
. Alternative technologies available in this
class include-
- Hybrids
- Biodiesel
- Natural Gas
- Electric
- Ethanol (Dual fuel or E-85)
- Diesel particulate filters
- Diesel oxidation catalysts
Heavy Equipment
. Alternative technologies available in this
class include-
- Biodiesel
- Diesel particulate filters
- Diesel oxidation catalysts
Alternative Technology-
Natural Gas
. Pros
- Reduced emissions
- Operation very
similar to a
standard vehicle
- Maintenance very
similar to standard
vehicles
Cons
- Very large fuel tanks
reduce cargo
capacity
- Very few models
available
- Still relies on non-
renewable fuel
- Only two fueling
stations in Jackson
County
. Butler Ford
. RVTD
4
Alternative Technologies -
Electric Vehicles
Pros
- Zero emissions
- Low operating cost
Cons
- Limited range of 40
miles per charge
- Limited speed of 40
MPH maximum
- Currently, only one
manufacturer offering
all electric vehicles in
the USA
- Very small and not
crash tested
Alternative Technology- Biodiesel
. For this discussion, the Biodiesel being
discussed will be the commercially
available soy based product.
Although many types of Biodiesel can be
produced, the soy based product will most
suit our needs.
This is the only type available in large
quantities, and the soy based product is
thoroughly tested and meets the most
stringent quality control standards.
Alternative Technology- Biodiesel
. Cons
- Will void engine warranty if used at a higher
concentration than 5% Biodiesel 95% conventional
Diesel
- Slight increased NOx emissions
. One of the leading contributor to visible smog
- Cold weather gelling
- Reduced power as compared to conventional Diesel
- Poor storage due to bacterial growth
- Can harm some engine components especially in
older vehicles
- Can not be used in 2007 or later vehicles or vehicles
equipped with a particulate filter
Alternative Technologies- Flex Fuel
(Ethanol- Unleaded)
Pros
- Reduced emissions
- Can be used with
either Ethanol or
Unleaded
- Similar operation
and maintenance
as standard
vehicles
Cons
- Limited number of models
available
- Reduced power, E85 has
roughly 75% the power of
unleaded
- Of the 171,000 fuel stations
in the US, less than 1,000
offer Ethanol
- Ethanol currently available at
only two stations in Oregon
. Eugene and Portland
Alternative Technology- Biodiesel
. Pros
- Reduced co" Co, HC, and Particulate Matter
. The atmosphere net gain of CO, is zero as the
plant matter used to produce the fuel absorbs as
much CO, as the fuel releases as it burns
- Made in the USA
- Most vehicles that can run on Diesel, will run
on Biodiesel
Alternative Technology- Biodiesel
. A special consideration is that the city operates only
one fueling station
. If we switch those tanks to Biodiesel, all City vehicles
will have to operate on Biodiesel
. Or develop a new fuel
point
. Or continue to use the
Grange Co-op
5
Alternative Technology- Biodiesel
Concern for the yet untested use of biodiesel under
all situations in Ashland has prevented staff from
recommending full implementation of the switch to
Biodiesel until it has been proven in our fleet.
. Staff has been
unwilling to switch the il,
emergency vehicles to
Biodiesel until proven
with our use in cold
weather and with our
terrain.
Alternative Technology- Diesel
Particulate Filters- Oxidation Catalysts
. We have received a CMAQ grant from
ODOT to install these components on our
existing Diesel equipment.
. These filters and converters are
completely passive and will reduce the
emissions from 10 to 70% depending on
the application and the filter used.
. This retrofit will take place during the
2008-09 fiscal year. (CIP FY09)
eavy rue miSSions
Standards
Emissions of large trucks largely unregulated until 1988
The emissions standards were very minimal until 2001
The emissions standards have now become very
stringent
Particulate matter as of January 1, 2007 is less than 2%
of what was allowed in 1988
2007 and later heavy trucks will be factory equipped with
particulate filters and oxidation catalysts
NOx emissions now less than 2% of 1988
Emissions standards become even more strict January
1,2010
Diesel Particulate Filters and
Oxidation Catalysts
Installed on existing diesel fleet
'::. "t.) ] ~!
p..,--].. o.
+1-'.::,
.fL.
';.';':" jj
.
~;;u. I~
[(j"'2fjl.J ~;.,., +~n:)
. Inline with vehicles exhaust system. will convert harmful
emissions to non-harmful emissions, and trap particulate matter
. Particulate matter can then be cleaned from the filter and
disposed of in a less harmful manner
Our use of Biodiesel
. Options
- Stay with conventional diesel fuel use.
- Monitor manufacturer recommendations and use
concentrations that will not void vehicle warranties.
- Use biodiesel in our entire fleet, and be willing to
pay for any warranty issue attributed to that fuel.
Engine cost in some of our vehicles can be as high
as $30,000.
- Fuel our out-of-warranty fleet at the Grange Co-op.
Heavy Truck Emissions Standards
. A general rule for vehicle emissions is the
newer the vehicle, the stricter the
emissions standards that vehicle must
meet.
The new emissions laws will
prevent any truck built after
2004 from polluting like this.
6
Heavy Duty / Specialty Use Vehicle
Replacement
Most expensive of all categories to replace.
- Costs range from $30,000 to $450,000
- Life expectancy is 12 to 20 years
. Some vehicles in this category date back to the era of
unrestricted emissions.
- Very little alternative technology available in this category so
the newer we keep our fleet, the cleaner it will be.
- Biodiesel is the only alternative technology available in this
class of vehicle, and it will not be compatible with new
trucks.
Proposal: Increase the frequency of vehicle replacement to
reduce the cities combined net emissions.
Future Light Duty Purchasing
Practices
. Consider low emissions alternatives whenever
possible
- Allow up to a 40% increase in the purchase
price for low emissions alternatives
. Go with a smaller vehicle in any application it
can safely be accomplished.
Over the next 8 years, increase the light duty
fleet to 25% alternative technology
. Annual cost increase to this portion of the fleet
should be 10 to 15% per year to accomplish this
goal
Heavy Equipment Future Purchase
Strategy
. Unfortunately alternative technology is very
limited in the heavy equipment category
. Emissions standards are also not very regulated
on this equipment
- Emissions standards are starting to catch up to the
heavy duty trucks, but they are not there yet.
- It is expected that in the next few years emissions
standards for off road equipment will be comparable
with on road vehicles.
- When this happens, a strategy similar to the heavy
trucks will do the most to reduce our heavy equipment
emissions.
Increased Frequency of Heavy
Truck Replacement
. Proposal: Increase replacement frequency
from 12 to 20 years to 10 to 15 years
- Cost increase of equipment 20 to 33% per year
($150,000 to $200,000 per year)
- Reduced emissions in some cases by as much
as 90%
- Overall emissions from city heavy trucks could
be reduced by 25 to 40% over the next 5 years
New Initiatives for Consideration
Each vehicle replaced will be cleaner than its predecessor
by an average of 20% or more
Replace up to 25% of light duty fleet with alternative
technologies
"Right Size" the fleet by going to smaller vehicles whenever
possible
Use bio-diesel as much as possible, and as manufacturer
recommendation allows
Evaluate the use of fuel additives to reduce vehicle
emissions
Keep vehicle idle time to a minimum. When possible set the
vehicle computer to allow idle time of 10 minutes maximum.
Create an equipment acquisition committee to evaluate
planned equipment purchases
Heavy Equipment Future Purchase
Strategy
. At this time our only alternative for this
equipment will be the installation of the
diesel particulate filters, and oxidation
catalysts.
- This will take place during fiscal year 2008-09
through the CMAQ grant from ODOT
. Biodiesel will also be used in this
equipment to help reduce emissions.
7
City Fleet Future Purchasing
Proposal
. Light Duty
- Consider alternative technology whenever possible
- Allow 40% cost increase per vehicle to purchase low
emission alternatives
- Go smaller whenever safely possible
. Heavy truck / Specialty use
- Increase frequency of replacement to bring all our
vehicle into the current emissions standards as
quickly as possible
. Heavy Equipment
- Monitor standards and develop a similar strategy to
the heavy trucks when the emissions standards are
increased.
Summary
. The purchasing strategy of the city fleet will
reflect an increasing awareness of our
environmental impact.
The proposal brought forth in this presentation is
an aggressive effort to improve our overall
efficiency, and reduce our environmental impact.
. This is not a low cost proposal, and would take a
large commitment from our city.
. With Council's direction, this is the strategy we
will use from this point forward.
Please let us know if you have
any questions
Thank you
City Fleet Future Purchasing
Proposal
. This proposal would increase our equipment
cost approximately 20% per year.
- This 20% would cost between $150,000 and
$200,000 per year.
Emissions would be greatly reduced in our
heavy truck fleet. In individual instances,
emissions would be reduced as much as 90%.
Our overall reduction should be 25 to 40% over
the next 5 years
. Light duty emissions should be reduced by 15 to
20%, during the same time line, with currently
available alternatives, and even more as
alternatives are improved. I
Summary
. If the cost of this proposal is greater than
expected, any portion of the plan can be
implemented with an improvement to
overall combined fleet emissions.
. Reduced environmental impact is the goal
of our fleet.
. Staff will continue to work to the best of
our ability to accomplish this goal.
8
'" '" '"
..... '" 01
~
AI
en
CD
;::,
o
CD
'.
"'UC~~ m
~Rcoo 3
OJ OJ co () co
a......."Q) <0
coco'-"3 co
"'UO ^OJ :J
co :J ~. ~ ()
'3 "'U :T 0 '<
_. m - :J 0
......-n 0 "0
"'U AI - co
,'" s:: i.U
gco OJ ~
CO"O '< 0
a.o 1\.)::u:J
~;::!. ?3!()
~"=i I\.)c~
.-,CD 0>_......
:::>' _~ OJ ~ co
:::.. '<; (fl 0"::'
,,- mom
~ 3cO
co ::2 ,...
, n. \ I
to --
co I: C
:JI"O
~e.g-
s:: ~ 1[
~ co
o' s.
~ ~
g' ~
< ~.
o' :T
co -
(fl
S
iii'
iii'
AI
t:J
~
"
""'I
AI
;::,
Q.
en
c:::
~
CD'
C')
-
6'
C')
;::,-
AI
;::,
CQ
!D
o 2: ;g
~ m 0 ;g
N ::;; () V1
I
~
-6
~~
8~
c
ZW
Q';::
g~
or
l!i
c.
X
;;;-
'"
..,.
~ ~ ~ ~ CO
()"'U()"'U"'U
g~an~g
a.a.""--
o CO UI OJ OJ
~. "'U ~ ~ ~
:JCD......=:~
C '3 o' 0 0
3 _. :J :J :J
():; J;1 00
o , OJ " ~
:JO:J"'UI 0
< () .-.. 0 -. ()
COCOO-(fl CO
Cil a. OJ o' 0- ::u a.
-. C < CO :J. CD C
gcoc:~().gco
(fl-co"'UC (fl
o .-.. CO co i'.-..
a.s:: "(fl"S::
.-..coO"
S' iti -I < g CO
~- COOJ::2-
~ _~ ~ n
CD '<;0=
-:JI:
~l
CO -.
~.s
'0
OJ
<
a:
-
'0
OJ
<
~
o 0
;0 ;0
~ ~
"U "U
iii ~ ~ ~
::;; () ()
Vl
Vl
o
;0
o
N
~
00
::j m ~ ~ w ~
"'U
OJ
i.U
a.
CO
"'U
CO
,
~
en "'U () en "'U "0 0 ;0
() OJ 0 ~ g. g: a. <0'
::ro i.U:Ja. CO (fl _. ::r......
a. ~:Jco:J
~COO ~(flOJ ~
~ "'U ~. ~ ~.-..)> g OJ
a. CO :2. a. r CO CD
I 3C"'UOJs(fl _,
s::......3Q..1i-~ ;0
COg...... ~ ~ ~ s;: g: <g:
g < OJ CO :E ......
<COCOS)> = c
iii' a. Cil CO "0 - ::u ~
iii C -. , "0 :J CD
COO,co CO~.-..
r (fl :J <0' OJ CO C "'U
O::r a.-OJ
0",.. ......~~
.-.. :-: a. 0 0 0 OJ
"'U " -. - c--
OJco:J I coO
c-~:E 5
- OJ OJn
~ @'< 3=
.-..-;0 CO I:
~ o' 1i I
< ::r CO e.
-. OJ a. .x
~a =+;....
- ()
::r
OJ
;::!.
CO
,
3
CO
OJ
(fl
C
,
CO
~ ~ ~ 2: ." ;0
2 2 't :g :r ~
~
....
.....
Vl
Vl
o
;0
o
N
::
o <0 eX> "-I 0'>
()-I()m
o i.U 0 :T
3 :J III -.
!4.G>~
~~)>O
<0:Ea.
. - OJ -.
"'U)>,:J
6' ~ ;: ~
:J. ~ 0 ()
~OOJCO
~ ~ s. ;0
N~S~
~ o' 11i:
,,:J 0
~~ ~
;or .-..
co co :::>'
"O~ ~
~ ~
~
,
"
'0
OJ
<
a:
-
2: 2: 2:
m m m
::;; ::;; ::;;
Vl
Vl
01 .,J::l. VJ f\)
enoS::S::-I)>
g.~cococoa-
0......33coo
co' OO()'
:::!! )> , , -. ~
~a~~-<co
C;-~S::oc~
s::~~5'~"'U
o :::;. co :E )> a
:J(fl3c<() -:u
CD co co "0 ni Q) OJ
<en~0a.3 ~
iii' iii 0 :J .-.. OJ ::u OJ
iii~-())>gCD-
rg8=03:J~
- 3 '<.-..-
0;:32')>g~
-:u ^C 1i:J OJ 0
OJ ~.:2. S' g. ~ g
~:T~tOCil-~
0)""-"'.......-..0 _.
- o' r :J -
:JCO- I:
(fl~ l
~ ~.
-0'
3
co
~
-
a
3
"'U
Q..
o'
co
o 0 n
;0 ;0"'0
~ ~:c~
n l>
o ~
2: ;0
Vl 0
."
13 ~
n
o
;0
<;'
N
!::
o
o
iii'
()
C
(fl
(fl
o'
:J
Vl
Vl
.
*
*
*
*
*
;i!
~a
~~
:boa
~
~~
:!Is.
:bon
~~
n
~=
if
E~
q~'
egg
~:;
:ti;
~~
~
iE-
iE-
iE-
iE-
*
*
*
*
*
::E ;i!
CD t1D.
III
CII t;~
CD
::3
0 :boa
CD )10
" ~~
S
iii' ~&.
iii'
III :bon
0
tJ ~~
~ n
." ~=
.... iif
III
.::3 ~3.
Q,
CII q~
c::
~ ~8
CD'
C')
- S!~
8'
C') ~if
::,-
III ~~
::3
CQ
!II ~
if.
if.
if.
if.
I
1jj
=r
-6.
~~
0<
8~
c
g~
~~
m~
a.....,
X "
VC:;:
Council Communication
Study Session Discussion of Mayor and Council Budget
CITY OF
ASHLAND
Meeting Date: March 19, 2007
Department: Administration
Contributing Departments:.,'. l1-/fJ
Approval: Martha Bennett /t 'P
Primary Staff Contact: Ann Seltzer
e-mail: Ann@ashland.or.us
Secondary Staff Contact:
Estimated Time: 30 Minutes
Statement:
This item is being brought to the Council to discuss the FY08 Mayor and Council budget prior to the
budget process.
Staff Recommendation:
This is a study session and no formal action will be taken. Staff is seeking council direction on the
allocation of the travel and training budget.
Background:
The FY08 Mayor and Council budget remains unchanged from the current year. Staff suggests a
discussion on the allocation for travel and training in item 606 Other Purchased Services.
This item includes allocations for advertising and printing ($2,700), air travel, training, lodging, meals,
personal vehicle mileage ($14,935) and the largest allocation, professional membership dues
($33,125).
Historically the travel and training is budgeted as follows:
ACTIVITY AMOUNT GUIDELINE
Air $1545 Approximately 2 tickets depending on destination (2 x NLC/DC)
Personal Vehicle Mileage $2600 Reimbursement for personal vehicle mileage (7 x LaC, regional
meetings etc.)
Lodl!;inl!; $4100 Lodging (7 x LaC, 2 x NLC/DC)
Meals $1540 Meals (7 x LaC, 2 x NLC/DC)
Traininl!; $5150 Conference Registration (7 x LaC, 2 x NLC)
TOTAL $14,935
While these are the guidelines staff has used for a number of years, they may no longer meet your
needs and you may prefer to use a different set of guidelines to allocate the $14,935 for travel and
training.
Attachments:
Proposed FY08 Mayor and Council Budget
Allocation and description ofFY08 of Materials and Services
1
Mayor and Council
Proposed Materials and Services Budget FY08
Target $63,383 (same as FY07 and 2% less than FY06)
601100 Office Supplies $200 Office supplies for city council (council
packets, binders etc.)
601610 Meetings $1000 Related expenses for council meetings, study
sessions, goal setting, Ragland award,
volunteer recognition
601700 Books & $150 Publications and reference materials for Mayor
Periodicals and Council
603100 Telephone $370 Local telephone (fixed cost determined by
finance)
604100 Professional $8000 Consultant fees for goal setting/team building
Services
606100 Advertising $2500 Display ads council agendas, study sessions
etc.
606200 Printing $200 Allocation for printing materials for council
606311 Air $1545 Air travel for Mayor and council to
conferences and on official city business,
approximately 2 tickets depending on
destination (2 x NLC/DC)
606313 Personal vehicle $2600 Reimbursement for personal vehicle mileage (7
mileage x LaC, regional meetings etc.)
606320 Lodging $4100 Lodging (7 to LaC, 2 to NLC/DC)
606330 Meals $1540 Meals (7 x LaC, 2 x DC regional meetings)
606400 Training $5150 Conference Registration (7 x LaC, 2 x NLC)
606500 Dues $33,125 Membership dues, LaC, NLC, Oregon
Mayor's Association, SOREDI, RVCOG,
Ashland Chamber
608400 Sister City $2900 Sister City activities during July 4 (gifts,
hosting etc.) ~ cost of GTO princess Mayor
trip to GTO
TOTAL $63,380
CENTRAL SERVICE FUND
ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
MAYOR AND COUNCIL DIVISION
Description 2005 Actual 2006 Actual 2007 Amended 2008 Proposed
Fund# 710
Personal Services
510 Salaries and Wages $ 2,746 $ 3,096 $ 2,600 $ 2,600
520 Fringe Benefits 64,737 41,079 80,850 68,010
Total Personal Services 67.483 44,175 83,450 70,610
Materials and Services
601 Supplies 8,163 2,831 2,565 1,350
603 Communications 594 597 310 370
604 Contractual Services 1,219 480 6,443 8,000
606 Other Purchased Services 48,039 15,537 53,005 50,760
608 Commissions 3,971 1,686 1,060 2,900
Total Materials and Services 61,985 21,131 63,383 63,380
$ 129,468 $ 65,306 $ 146,833 $ 133,990
CITY OF
ASHLAND
Memo
DATE:
March 16, 2007
TO:
Lee Tuneberg, Administrative Services/Finance Director
Bryn Morrison, Account Representative WLv\
FROM:
DEPT:
Administrative Services
RE:
TOT Funds
In researching the use of TOT funds by cities comparable to Ashland, I found that each city has a
different approach to the amount they allocate for tourism, economic development, and cultural
development. A matrix is attached showing which cities were contacted and the responses. In summary:
Bend: A tourism promotion fund has been established to account for the promotion of tourism, with
much of the funds allocated to the Visitor's and Convention Bureau on contracted basis. 29.4% of the
funds generated from the tax currently go into this fund to be used in accordance with Section 1 of HB
2934(Oregon Laws, 2001) pertaining to tourism. The city contracts with the Bend Visitor and
Conventions Bureau, the Central Oregon Visitor's Association or other entities authorized by the City
Council to use these funds. The remaining amount is shown in the General Fund as discretionary
revenues.
Corvallis: 50% of the TOT is used for direct and indirect economic development. 30% is allocated for
tourism and 20% is allocated for economic development through an application process similar to ours.
Eugene: 100% of their TOT is allocated to the Performing Arts Center for tourism and cultural
development.
Grants Pass: Of the first 87.5% of TOT, 20% is for funding Public Safety, 20% for Parks Maintenance,
30% for Tourism. The remaining 30% is transferred to the General Fund for promoting economic
development and downtown area activities. The remaining 12.5% of the total tax; 30% is transferred to
the Tourism program and 70% is transferred to the Lands and Building fund for the acquisition and
development of Park property.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES DEPARTMENT
D. L. Tuneberg, Director Tel: 541-488-5300
20 East Main Street Fax: 541-552-2059
Ashland, Oregon 97520 m: 800-735-2900
www.ashland.or.us
~..
...'1
CITY OF
ASHLAND
Memo
Medford: 25% of the TOT is allocated to the Chamber of Commerce through a contract with the City
on the specific use of the funds. The remaining 75% stays in the General Fund, of which 25% goes to
Parks.
Seaside: 57.6% of the TOT is allocated to the convention center. 20.1 % is allocated to promote and
advertise the city through the City Promotions Committee and to operate the Seaside Visitors Bureau.
13.05% is allocated to the Public Safety Fund for general operations of Police, Municipal Court and
Lifeguards. The remainder is used for Capital improvement and maintenance, Public Works
maintenance and operation of tourist facilities, and Promenade maintenance, reconstruction, or
expanSIOn.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES DEPARTMENT
D. L. Tuneberg, Director Tel: 541-488-5300
20 East Main Street Fax: 541-552-2059
Ashland. Oregon 97520 TTY: 800-735-2900
www.ashland.or.us
~~,
en 0 Q) 0 to
~ 0 to '" N
(V) ""- Q) I'-- I'--
Q) 00 ~ 00 or) N
c: 0 I'-- I'-- '"
Q) 0. .... '" "< '"
<9 N
....
'E ~ 0
0
Q) en. 0
E .... c5
0.. '" '"
a I'--
Q)
>
Q)
0
ro
.2
-S
Cl ....
'E ~ 0 C;
0
Q) Q) "'! Q)
Q; E ..... ~ 1'---
0.. '" '"
.s:: a co
i5 <fJ
Q) Q;
>
Q) .s::
0 i5
CJ a
-E I-
a
c:
a
CJ
W ....
Q) 'E 0
<fJ 0
:::> Q) co
E ....-
0.. '- to
a Q)
Q) ..0
> E
Q) ro
0 .s::
a> CJ Cl
=:I -E a
c: a I-
a> c:
> a
a> CJ
0::: w ....
"l::l X
ro
c I-
~ Q; co
>,1'- to
..c: CJO 'E to C
en cO Q) ,...: Q)
<( ro"J Cl N E
"- 0.>- ..... a.
0 Q) a
.c:- i}u.. CJ Q)
U c >
(3 ~ Q)
0 ~ 0
c c: ~
a> a .a
"00 Cl .... :s
c u
ro "0
.= Q; '" c:
..0 .... ro
co
E N E
ro co <n
.s:: .~
Cl .... 0
I-
0 I'-- .E
co 0 Q) c 2
Cl co. ~. Q)
~ co E c:
> ~ Q) Q)
.... a. U
0
Q) <n
> t
rn a a~_ 0 Q) <(
-.;;t 000 0 '" 0 en
E mmNaco N ro c:
~. c5 en c5 ..n ..n .2 -E
<fJ C>~LO~ N .g
-c N N ("") r- ("") '" :s
'"
a u Q)
I- "0 a...
.... c: Q)
ro ,s
u
E .9
0 0 0 0 r:::.. 0 0 "0
Q) 0 0 0 0 0 Q) 0
'" .... 0 0 to a. '" c: Q)
c: ~ or) ..... c5 N 00 0 ro
~ u to U
N to 0 '" 0 I'-- W 0 .Q
In. to a. In. a. .... 0
Q) ri N N .E N ro
0::
.... ro .E _!!!
:g Q) Q)
:::J
Q) oR- oR- ~ oR- ~ oR- ~ oR- CD c:
0 0 0 .s :;: Q)
ro I'-- Q) Q) In Q) Q) Q) co >
0:: "0 Q) 2:
Q) ::c
rn ro .!!l 15
u
CJ .Q -co C
a
....J ro > :::J
ro 0
_!!! <n E
~<.: Q) ro
"0 0 =s
Q) (J) CJ') co
<<= m~S
en
c: O_Q)
;::- .~ <n , <;; C:..r:::
<n 01-
G Cf) ro
"0 ~ Qj a... "E Q) -0 a.; a.;
c: ro c: <n .E "0 c: "0 c:
ro "0 Q) C -en ro -en Q)
:c c: ~ en ~ "0 ro :c ro en
<n Q) 0 :::J Q) Q) <n Q) :::J
<( lD U w <.9 ::2 Cf) <( Cf) w
Transient Lodging Taxes
February 5, 2003
Question l: Which cities assess a transient lodging tax as a means of addressing infrastructure and public
safety needs attributable to visitors?
Question 2: Which cities assess the transient lodging tax for general revenue raising?
City Tourism-Related Programs General Fund Services
Astoria 22% goes to support tourism related Any remaining funds go to the general
infrastructure. Of the remaining funds, fund primarily to support public safety.
$65,000 goes to tourism promotion and
1 % goes to the Chamber of Commerce.
Baker City The city sends 70% of the tax collected 5% is taken to cover administrative costs
to operate the Chamber and Visitor of collection and disbursement.
Bureau; 25% is used to support the City's
Economic Development effort.
Bandon Part of the revenue is deposited into the Part of the revenue goes into the General
Economic Development Fund, which is Fund, and is used for many purposes,
used primarily to support the Chamber of including infrastructure projects and
Commerce. public safety attributable to visitors.
Bend A portion goes into tourism promotion. The rest goes into the General Fund.
Brookings 25% of the transient lodging tax goes to 75% goes to the General Fund.
the Chamber of Commerce for tourism
promotion.
Burns The revenue is used as a means of
addressing infrastructure and public
safety needs attributable to visitors.
Central Point All revenue goes to the General Fund.
Coos Bay 2 cents goes to the Coos Bay-North Bend
Tourism Promotions Committee. The
other 5 cents goes towards repayment of
debt for the Coos Bay boardwalk,
cultural programs, Arts Museum, litter
patrol, and general beautification.
Garibaldi As required by ordinance, the funds go
towards fire and police supplies and
equipment, and public improvements.
Most of the funds go to public safety.
City Tourism-Related Programs General Fund Services
Grants Pass 30% towards tourism promotion. 20% towards public safety.
15% towards economic development. 20% towards parks.
15% towards downtown program.
Hermiston 30% of the tax goes toward the cost of
operating and maintaining the Hermiston
Community and Convention Center. The
Community Center also houses the
Chamber of Commerce's offices, which
the city provides rent free.
Hood River The county and two incorporated cities The remaining 10% for Hood River
County contribute portions of their TL Ts to the County, 50% for Hood River, and 75%
Visitor Council. Hood River County for Cascade Locks goes to the general
gives 90%; City of Hood River gives fund, which pays for services like park
50%; Cascade Locks gjves 25%. maintenance and police.
Klamath Falls The City receives a proportionate share of
Klamath County's room tax. 1/6 of the
city's receipts go to fund the county-wide
tourism effort. The remaining balance is
used for tourism activities at the airport
(75%) and regional parks (25%).
Lebanon 90% goes towards tourism and tourism
related activities and projects.
Lincoln City The city dedicates 1 % to public safety,
which reduces the burden on the general
fund by $350,000 per year.
Newport 5% of the total is used for administration The remaining funds are distributed as
of the tax. Of the remaining 95%, 45.5% follows: 40% to Trust and Reserve for
is distributed to the Advertising and equipment; 32% to General Fund for
Promotion Fund as follows: 53% to media public safety; 28% to the Airport Fund.
advertising with a Portland firm; 27% In 1996, an additional 1 % was added,
goes to the Chamber of Commerce for all of which goes towards the new
operations; 12% goes to the Oregon Coast Wastewater Treatment Facility.
Council for the Arts; 8% goes to
Community Celebrations. In 2003, an
additional 1 % was added, all of which
goes to assist the Oregon Coast Aquarium.
Ontario 22.5% goes to the Chamber of Commerce 52.5% goes to the Street Fund.
and Visitors Convention Bureau. 12.5%
goes to the Four Rivers Cultural Center.
12.5% goes toward parks and other
community enhancement projects.
City Tourism-Related Programs General Fund Services
Redmond Part of the funds go towards tourism and The other part of the funds go towards
the Chamber of Commerce. Tourism police and emergency services.
includes the Deschutes County Fair and
Expo as well as the Smith Rock and Eag]e
Crest tourist sites.
Rogue River 25% to public relations. 25% to parks, 25% to police protection,
25% to administration.
Sandy 50% goes to the Chamber of Commerce to The remaining 50% stays in the General
operate the Visitors Center. Fund.
Sherwood The city assesses a transient lodging tax
as a means of addressing infrastructure
and public safety needs attributable to
visitors.
Sisters 33% goes to the Chamber of Commerce to The remaining funds go towards the
support tourism and special event city's police service contract with the
activities. Sheriffs Department.
Stayton The city only collects about $ 10 per
year, which goes into the genera] fund.
St. Helens By ordinance, the revenue must be used
for debt service on the construction of a
convention center, and staff to promote
the center and tourism in general. It is a
separate fund in the budget.
Sweet Home Funds are used for economic development
activities and a portion of the funding goes
to the Chamber of Commerce. The
ordinance states that the funds can be used
for any "pub]ic purpose."
Ta]ent The city does not raise much in revenue,
but the money is designated for parks.
Umatilla 50% goes toward the Chamber of
Commerce and 50% goes towards the
future development of the Old Umatilla
Town Site.
Warrenton The City does contribute a portion of the The remaining revenue is used to pay
tax to the local Chamber of Commerce, for public safety.
which in turn uses the revenue to pay for
promotional activities and a Visitors
Center.
City Tourism-Related Programs General Fund Services
Woodburn 33% is decticated to tourism and economic The remaining 67% goes to the general
development. Of this money, ] /3 is fund, where it helps pay for police and
retained by the city for local festivals. 2/3 street maintenance.
is granted to community organizations,
which have included the Chamber of
Commerce and the Woodburn Downtown
Association.
Yachats 28.5% goes towards visitor amenities and 7] .5% goes toward the general fund to
a Visitors Center. pay for services such as streets, parks,
library, museum, community center and
planning.
'" ~
00
N U
..... Z
a- <l
Z >-
o z
" ~
~ z
0;:3
_ 0
o .
j ~
I-
lr
o
l:l.
"V
00
a-
N
~~
a-~
UJM
cO
::>'"
VlX
!:{~
Z
UJ
>
<l:M
r .....
" a-
;:N
~~
Vl N
MM
MO
00",
t:
~
0::
t:
ro
Q.)
o
c:::
o
~
u
.-
"0
CIl
~
~
---
>-
.J::J
CIl 0
~ 0
c. ... 0
Q) ~ <Il '"
U>-r:",
Q)"i;j"''''
~ :;( ~....
u: 0
>< E
ro;:s <l:
I-
b.()
c:::
.-
b.()
"0
o
...J
ro;:s
U
o
...J
'"
o
o
N
<.DO
M
co
"'I
ll'l
o
o
N
o
ON
M
"'I
"'"
o
o
N
M 0')
<.D
'<t
"'I
M
o
o
N
<.DLr'lN
COOM
"'I
O')Lr'lCO
"- 0 0
'<t
O')COLr'l
<.DOCO
'<t
"-'<t CO"-N
MCONMOO
M M
"'I
N
o
o
N
0')
M
N
....
o
o
N
'<t
"'I
o
o
o
N
"-
'<t
N
N
0')
M
"'I
CXl
'"
'"
....
"
lf1
N
N
h
'"
'"
.....
M
M
M
N
'"
'"
'"
....
<.D
M
M
N
Q)
-
III
c=::
* *
cl-?J2.
o 0
"- h
00
Lr'l I./')
-
t:
Q)
...
...
:J
U
>-
~
z
::> C-
O (j iti 1?
U Q:j 3 ~
~~~-5
~~I~
<!(
CI:I
* * *
;f!0'2cf2
000
"- "- "-
000
1./')lf1lf1
-0
2!
c:
o
e-
2! 0
a.c-~
E .- '-
::l t: C
V)::>::J
~
o
o
0')
>-
~
z
::>
o lJ)
u V) <!(
:E
z nJ <!(
o c: ~
~ 0 U
zu<!(
W -l
CI:I U
N
<.D lf1
<.D N
M
lf1
lf10"-
"- M
'<t 0 lf1
N '<t
N
N
o
co
<.0
'<t
0')
MOMlf1CO
NO')" 0') '<t
lf1MCON
'<t N
N
"
'<t
"
oJ
Nlf1'<t <.0
I./') 0') NMO')
OM<.ON
'<t N 0
N
o
o
<.0
"-
NO')
lf1 "
<.0
M
0') '<t
N "-
M '<t <.0
0')
o
"'I
'<t
"-
"'<to')M'<t
M 0') '<t "'I "'I
Lr'l M 0') <.0
M 0')
o
'<t
I./')
"-
I./') 0') '<t 0
00')0')0"'1
Lr'lMM'<t
M NO
N-
o
"-
o
"-
OoJ<.OO
Lr'l '<t "- I./')
O'<t M
M N 0')
'<t
'<t
<.D
MoJ<.OO
lf1N <.0"-
<.0 '<t M 0')
N N "-
"'I
lf1
<.D
o COO')
lf1 M"-CO
CO MCO "
N "-
<.0
"-
<.0
<.0
"-O')O')M'<t
N '<t M '<t
<.ONO')<.D
"'I <.D
lf1
0')
<.0
M M
0')lf1 0
CONOM
"'I N<.D
cf2cf2cf2cf2-cf2
qoooo
M '<t '<t lf1 <.D
>-
~
z
::>
o
u
o
0.0
<lJ
3
>-0
-0 <lJ
c~
nJ nJ
V) .....J
.~ <lJ
u==
C >
o C
0.0 0
<lJ~
O~
"-lf1MM
N<.D If)N
M<.Dlf)"-N
O')COMN
"'I
0') coco I./')'<t
'<to')N 0')
'<t '<t CO oJ 0
"-"- 01
01
0')
<.OM
If) <.0
<.0 <.0
"- M
M
oJ
o
01
co
CO CO
"'I
'<to')"-N
0') I./')M "-0')
00') NCO
I./') If) '<t ("'~
"- CO '<t oJ <.0
<.DCO NO
O')MO') CO
Mlf)NN
oJlf) CO'<t
M 0') "- '<t <.0
'<to')<'oO"-
M'<tNN
o "- <.D 0 '<t
O')MMlf)'<t
N 0') '<t 0 Lf)
MMNN
I./')<'o"-OCO
OO')<.D"-I./')
CO <.OCO<.D
N N
MO
M
<.0 CO
N
COMM
<.O'<tO
<.00')<.0
o
OO<.D<.O
NOCOCOCO
'<t N "- "- If)
NOO
0100')0')"-
If)M '<to
00 <.0 CO CO
NOO
cf2cf2cf2cf2.cf2
00000
O')<.DCOO')"-
>-
~
Z ..c
<lJ::> ::6
-0 0 <lJ C
3u c:o .9
-!... ~ .nJ;: Co <lJ C
-:':0 c-o ~
6~.9~~nJ
U:S.:{UV)S
U
-0
2!
c:
o
e-
O
u
C
C
::>
<.DN<.D<.D
N<.D<.ON
COO')MM
M '<t N
'<t<.D<.OO
If)''-lf)1f)
"- <.0 M
M'<t "'I
MM'<t'<:t
"-01./')"'1
<.OMMO
M'<t N
'<t M '<t N
If) CO <.D
<.0 Nc;-,
M '<t
MOlf)'<t
O<'olf)
'<t CO N CO
M M
"- 0
Oc;-,
N "-
M M
N
M N
01 If)
"-MN<.D
NNNO
o N<.D
M '<t
"- "'I I./')
<.DI./')'<tlf)
If)ONlf)
N '<t
O')lf)MN
"CON"-
M"-N'<t
N "'I
N 0
"- '<t N
N CO If)
N M
"-c;-,'<t0')
NCO'<t
M CO Lr'l
N M
cf2cf2cf2-cJ? ~
00lf)0 If)
<.D "- "-" CXl
>-
~
Z >-
::>>- I-
O~ Z
Uz -0::>
<!(::> >-(j)@O~
CI:IOC~:2C:OU
:Eu.gV)v-€~it
3 0 ~ g ~ 0 g 'E
ooC:OU-lZ~D....
uu U
<.0
0')
If)
o
<.0
'<t
'<t
N
If)
o
o
N
C
X
~
"-
N
N
<lJ
-E.
lf1
o
"0
<lJ
:J
"0 c
o C
;:: 0
~ ~
<lJ "0
E "0
C
v .!:!
<lJ ..r::.
t u
g ~
~ ...:
<lJ ~
-E. 0
Qj U
> 0
o ..r::.
V M
<lJ :J
~ 2
2 ~
u >-
OJ
!!: ~
2 E
;fl g
~ OJ
x ~
~ ~
E" 0
OJ ...:
~ OJ
..: -g
:;: OJ
>- -'
~ ~
.;:: ..r::.
"0 M
Q! ::J
t E'
~-5
~ QJ
'" .0
.!:! E
<lJ
<lJ >
-E ~
'0 E
] g
<lJ <lJ
-E ~
ro oe
U 0
-E! If)
Q; OJ
c !!:
<lJ 2
~ >-
<lJ C
-E 5
2 u
'" Qj
v -'<
c OJ
gcn
'" c
i:' '"
o c
u .9
~ .12
C<: -s;
C .~
~
::J -<
U .
N
"
M
"-
lf1
'<t
M
0')
M
'<t
0')
N
0')
CO
'<:t
'<t
CO
'" ~
00
NU
.....Z
a- ..
z ~
0::>
Cla:
'" z
a: ..
0",
_ 0
~l
I-
a:
o
a.
'<t
CO
a-
N
~~
a-~
",M
5~
VlX
-<(
~lL.
z
'"
>
<(M
x .....
. a-
;:N
~;e
VlN
M"';
MO
CO",
s:::
::J
0::
s:::
~
(1.J
o
....
U
"'C
r.Il
~
:J
--
;;;....
~
r.Il 0
.... 0
0...0
QJ al ~ g::
u> Cl'
C1J l'l: ~ ~
0::: ~ 5
u::: 0
X E
~ <l:CO
r- g::
0.0 ...
C
0.0
"'C
o
...J
~
u
o
...J
c
o
~
o
o
N
co 0' "'-
0'NM
If) M '1"
M
~
o
o
N
N N 0'
N
"'- '1" N
M
",.
o
o
N
0'-00'
N 0'
'-ONN
M
M
o
o
N
If) If) co
MMry,
If) M
M
N
o
o
N
o '-0 '-0
M If) If)
'1" 0' M
N
...
o
o
N
If) If) "'-
"'-If)CO
M co
N
o
o
o
N
0'0'-0
00"'-
'1" "'- N
N
"'-If)CO
0'-00
'-0 M
N
"'-MCO
00''''-
OIf)N
N
"'-
Cl'
Cl'
...
M If)
If)
O'-ON
N
~
Cl'
Cl'
CO"'-O
N If) '-0
O"'-N
N
OJ
ro
C<:
ef2~oe
000
'-0'-0'-0
C
~
:J
U
>-
~
Z ..r:
~ '" u
O en '"
C ~
u..Y
>- a-O
er:: a-
er:: .. a
~rolJ
U
CONOM
MMM
0''-0
o ~
M
M
N N
M
M co N
'-O'-OM'-O
"'-OCOIf)
"'- '1" 0
N M
0''-0 If) co
'1" "'- '-0 '-0
CO CO '1"
~ M 0,
N M
'1" '-0 If) N
'1"N'-ON
N '1" If)
M 0'
N N
MCOry,M
"'-0'0'0'
CO '-0 '1" 0
0'N 0
M
NON~
If) "'- If) "'-
CO If) '1" '-0
ry,N 0'
N
"'-CO~N
0'0''-00'
"'-If)M'-O
CON CO
N
N'1"If)N
'1"1f)'-O"'-
'1" NM
If) N CO
N
'-00''-0
'1" '1" 0 0
'-0 0' N
'1" '-0
N
'-OM M
"'-If)"'-M
"'-1f)0'0'
M ~,
N
'-000'
CONMlJ")
MIf)0'O
M M
N
0!2cf2.~0!2
0000
0'0'CO"'-
>-
I-
Z
~
o
u
~Vl
a w
'tl-
O:J-o
t :c c
a U OJ
o...Vlro
w
Cl
-0
C
a
E
-0
OJ
C<:
i::
-oZ
2::J
[': 0
au
2-Vl
~ 8 :s
2: .!:: \,;)
'" c ~
If)~O
Cl
(J") '-0 If)
M~CO
'-OM'-O
co
If) M "'-
CO(J")"'-cr\
If) (J") '-0
"'-
'-OIf)OM
ON"""
",,"If)'-O
"'-
COCO"'-CO
"'-COMI---
N If)
I---
N '-0 I---
u)1f)'-O
'1"
'-0
0'0'0 If)
If) M If) N
o I'-- ~
If)
(J") CO"""
1f)1'--~1f)
co I'-- ~
~
OCOIf)
M (J\ If)
co If) N
'1"
'-0 If) N
If) N co If)
co N
'1"
"'-'-01'--0
..-(J\",
(J")..-N
~
~ co 0
CO '-0 '-0 co
I'--'-ON
M
* ~0!2~
~OOO
OCOIf)If)
I'--
,
~
o
lJ")
6 ~ !::
Q..:Jt::
"'.D OJ
-g~..r:
OJ a ::;
C<:C<:lf)
>-
1->-
ZI-
~z
0:J
c U 0
.8~u
~<(I-
-z
>-J<(
>-Jer::
I.JI.J
"'-
N
(J\
"'- M
M "'-
'-0
'1"
M
'-0
'1" M
'1" """
'-00
N
co
~
"'-
co (J\
'-O(J\
If)
M
If)
'-0'-0
I'-- co
I'-- 0'
M
M
If)
If) If)
If) '-0
"'- 0'
M
o
If)
co (J\
'-0 (J\
I'-- co
co
(J\
~
CO(J\
'-0 "'-
I'--CO
o
'-0
~
'-0 "'-
I'-- M
"'- '-0
co
If)
~
M I'--
I--- "'-
co N
N
o
'-0
N '-0
'-0 N
(J\
co
'-0
lJ")
~'-O
N N
".g
o
o
co
rfi.?f2
00
(J") "'-
>-
I-
Z
~:J
- 0
~ u
.c>-
c w
:J Z
o ~
U<(
:c
>-
I-
Z
:J
o
U
~
w
>
'" '" ~
E OJ Cl
:J C 0
roIo
:c
I'-- (J\ N
(J") I'-- (J")
OM
If) N
If) M I---
o If) 0
0'-0
~ N
~(J\O
'-OlJ")'-O
(J\'-ON
'1" N
If) co (J\
(J\ I'-- '1"
co I'-- N
M N
OCOCO
M
(J") N 0
~ N
CO '-0 CO
(J\M'-O
CO(J\I'--
M
~ co N
'-00'-0
'-0 CO '-0
M
co 0 '1"
I'-- """
CO'-ON
M
'-ONM
M
o N 0
M
M
co M
""" 0
M
NIf)M
'-OlJ")
'-OCOM
N
cf.0!20!2
000
"'-coco
'"
..Y
U
a ..
-' ~
~C<:
"'-0
U 0
~ a
UI
-0
OJ
'@
a
e-
o
u
c
c
~
>-
I-
Z
:J
o
U >
Z -g c
o '" ~
Vl..r:..Y
~ '" u
U <{ '"
~
N(J\"'-I'--N~O
'1" '-0 I--- co 0 '-0 I---
If) '1" M If) '-0
'1".
N
(J\
(J\~
co '-0
M
o "'-N'1"N
CO If) 0 '-0 I---
'-0 If) '-0
co
N"'-If)"'-(J\'-01f)
"'-01---'-00 -n
CO '-0 '-0 If)-n
N "'-
CO '-0 0 '-0 NO
1f)1f)(J\(J")(J\co-n
If) lJ") N """ """
M I---
co co
If) If)
o If) If)
'-0
M "'- I--- (J")
(J\(J\N'1"
N ~ """
I---'1"N'1"If)O-n
'-0 I--- (J\ "'- If)
(J\~ N~",,"
(J\ """.
(J\f"-.-NM'-O
'1"CONMIf)I---u)
(J\M M~N
co N
O(J\ "'-NNIf)
If)f"-.-OCO'-ON..,t
(J\NNN~
f"-.-
Of"-.-
(J\ (J\
f"-.-N
"'-
CO (J\NMf"-.-
If) co f"-.- '"
NN~
o
'-OM If) If) If) CON
O(J\COIf)MON
MN'-ON~
f"-.- (J\
(J\f"-.-(J\(J\Mf"-.-(J")
f"-.-~OCO(J\MN
'-OMCONM
f"-.- (J\
o!20!2cf2.cftcf2.cf2.?fl
0000000
f"-.-(J\co'-O'-O'-O-n
(!)
.. OJ
OJ >
> a
xC<:u
cOJ>-c
~~~OJ
..r: a ..r: ro
o...C<:lf)~
~
a
::0
OJ
2
u
o
~
a.
<lJ
E
;::
U
<lJ
t
o
a.
i':'
<lJ
L
<lJ
>
o
U
<lJ
00
c:
'"
L
U
<lJ
>
'"
L
~
<lJ
~
x
~
>-
c
'"
~
..:
'"
<lJ
>-
'"
~
c;::
U
<lJ
t
o
a.
i':'
~
'"
<lJ
-E
'0
u
C
<lJ
:;'
-.:;
ro
U
<lJ
::t:
<lJ
c:
<lJ
~
<lJ
-E
.9
-'6
c:
o
a.
~
i':'
o
U
<lJ
ro
C<:
c
~
:0
U
'" :E
00
NU
..... Z
0-",
>-
Z Z
0::>
" '"
'" Z
'" '"
0",
. 0
~ l
fo-
'"
o
Q.
'f
CO
0-
N
~~
o-~
",1"'1
5~
~~
~"-
Z
'"
>
<1:1"'1
% .....
, 0-
~N
~ .
3~
VI N
1"'1";
1"'10
CO",
s::
~
0::
s::
C"O
QJ
C1
c
o
.....
U
"'C
c.n
lo..
::J
-.
>-
.0
c.n
.....
c..
OJ
U
OJ ~ ",a->
cr:: .~ ~ ~
>< u.. 0 ,...
~ ~
I-
eo
c
eo
"'C
o
..J
~
U
o
..J
o
o
o
gN
... 0
~ *"
~ c:
..0
o
o
N
M CO If)
0'1
'7 CO
If)
o
o
N
If) CO 0
'-0 If)
M '-0
..".
o
o
N
'-0 0
I'-. I'-.
N '7
M
o
o
N
ON'7
'-0 CO
N If)
N
o
o
N
0'1
M If)
If)
o
o
N
OO'lM
If)
0'1 '-0
M M
N
CO If)
'1" CON
0'-0
0'1 '7
co
a->
a->
....
M'-ON
CO 0 0'1
CO M
"'-
a->
a->
....
0"'-
000
CO M
..0
a->
a->
....
MIf)N
"'-00
"'- If)
<l!
ro
C<::
~~~
000
0'1'-0'-0
~
C
~
....
::>
U;>-
I-
Z
:)
o
u
Z
o
IJ'J
Q::
w
LI..
LI..
W
-
co
N
o
o
'-0
I'--.
N
0'1
M
'1"
0'1
N
CO
0'1
'-0
CO
I'--.
I'--.
CO
'-0
CO
'-0
I'--.
CO
'-0
I'-.
N
o
'-0
o
o
CO
U")
I'--.
I'--.
'-0
U")
0'1
M
I'--.
U")
".e
o
o
0'1
;>- ;>-
I- I-
-oZ Z
<l!:) :)
'@O 0
o U ~ U
<Jl 2-W&:.....
<Jl ::> 0 Z ......
~O~J:~~
1i(j)CQ.,~~
~~:)~lJ<{
o ~
0'1
'1"
0'1
o
M
o
U")
o
'-0
M
I'--.
0'1
'-0
M
U")
0'1
I'-.
U")
I'-.
CO
o
o
0'1
CO
N
CO
I'-.
CO
CO
I'-.
'-0
'1"
U")
'-0
M
CO
M
'-0
0'1
M
'-0
cf2 cf
o 0
'-0 '-0
<l! ;>- <l! ;>-
-01--01-
~ Z ~ Z
,:),::l
.co .co
3 u 3 u
owow
u:::.=::uz
<{ <{
....J ....J
'7
'-0
0'1
COCO NI'--.U")'-O 0 '7 '-ONU")I'-.
U")1f) If) '7 MU")MO '1"MOl'-. 0
'7CO'-ONu")I'-.NI'-.'1"O'I
N '1", U")
M
'-0
I'-.
I'-.
I'--.N NU")CO'-OU")O'-O coco
~OM'-ONOl'-.OU")Ol'-.O'I
'1"1'--. '-ONCO'-ONM'1" '7 0'1
CON N '1"
N
U")
0'1
'-0
o NNu")N U")COMNNO
U")COO'lNU")I'-. 1'--.1'-.0'-0
M'1"If)N'-OMNMMO I'--.
'-ON N '1"
N
'1"
o
I'--.
I'--.O'-OI'--.COO'll'-.O'IMu") MCO
o If) I'-. aNI'-. I'-.NOOU")'-O
MM'1"NONNN'1"I'-. '-0
U") N N '1"
N
U")
o
I'-.
NU")Ol'-.M'1" '1" MMI'--. I'--.
0'1 N N 0'1 N '-0 N MOO <"J U")
MM NMNNMI'--. '1"
U") N N '1"
N
'1"
'-0
'-0
'-O'-O'-O~Ou"),:
0'1 I'-. M U") '1"
'1"M If)MN
'1" N
N
G:N
ONCO
'1"
'1"
U")
'-0
'-0
'1" '-0 0
CO U") 0'1
M 0
M
I'-.O'-ONCOOO'lNNU")'1" CO
MCOO'll'--.I'--.u")I'-.OO>NO '1"
N'-OM O'IM MI'-. M
NN M '1"
N
I'-.
CO
U")
O'INON
MNNI'-.
NI'--.'1"
M
N
U")
0'10001'-.
'1" CO I'-. M '1"
NCO'1" '-00
N N
N
U")
U")
U")
CO 0'1 N 0 '1" I'--. N I'-.
MO'IcOOU")U")O I'-.
0'10 OMU") 0
NN N '1"
N
0'1 I'-.
'1"
N 0'1
0'-0'-0
00
M 0
N
NCOO'll'--. '1" U") 0 '-0'-0
'-OM'1"'-OOMI'-.I'--.'1"
NO'I'1" NO COM
N N
N
I'--. CO "": I'--.
'-00 I'-.
I'-. CO
o M
'1"
CO
U")
OIf)U")U")M NU")MO'-OO'I'-O
I'--.M I'-.M'-OO'ICO'1"NOON
NCO'1" '1"0'1 I'-.MCO CO
0'1 M
N
cf.~rflcf2.cf.cf.cf.cJ2cf.cf.cf.cf2cf.
00001f)0000U")000
CO 0'1 CO I'--. 0'11'--. CO co co 0'1 CO co co
~
::>
..0
o
U
<l!
>
o
....
lJ
<l! <l!
~ ~ :v
:t:: <Jl C
o ~ ::>
Uuo
.c
u
.c
u
-o~
l!!Z
~::l
00
2-U
r1:l 0 z
(j)'E U....J
C <Jl C 0
<l! <l! C U
>~::lz
::i
<l!
<l! U
C C
<l! ~
gf 0
UJ LL
-0
<l! <l! (jj
C N 0.0._
o c-ooo
0"5 ~ ~-2
C U r1:l CL
::>~Ol/)
o
U")
Oeo
N '""
N
M 0
NO
o
N M
N
N
00
00'1"
M
I'-.
o
0'1
M
CO I'--.
o
0'1 0
U") If)
I'--. ""
0'1 eo
eo
M eo
I'--. eo
If) 0'1
\0
0'1 \0
N "l
N 00
'1" 0
...... N
I'-. '-0
MNNI'-.
N '1" I'-.
'1" 0
M<::tOMOO'l
OI..O'-ONCOl'-.
O'It--.'-ON '-0
McnCO '1"0'1
<"'.l
0......
CO
'1"
M
I'-. '1" 0'1 CO
If)MMM
NO'll'--.
MCO
1..0
cn
I'--. I'--.
"l
eo
M 1..0
1'--.00
N t--.
"l
COOl'-.N
NMO
O'IN'-OI'--.
'1" MCO
'1"NIf)U")M'T
I'-.OMU")MO
If)<::t'-O 'TO
N......'1" MO'I
"l
If)I'--.U")0'I0'I
N'-OCOO
U") 1'--.0
'1" NO'I
I'-.U")NI'-.
Ol'--.M
'1" M
M CO
If) 0'1 M'-O
U") CO M
'1"
NCO
N
MU")'1"O
N"tMIf)
0'1 Olf)
M' N CO
N
1f)'1"U")0
'1"MM'-O
I'--. 00
M N CO
C'-!NOIf)
MI'--.N
CO N
CO
cft?f2cf.?J2cf?c!
OOU")OOO
CO eo 0'11'--. 1'--.'-0
>- .?
~U
<l!~
o 0
CL U
<l! C
O:=i
-0
<l!
'@
o
t t 2-
o 0 ~ 0
CLCLr1:l U
~ ~ ...c c
<l! r1:l U C
Z~.;:.:)
"D
o
<IJ
Cl
<IJ
E
"D
<IJ
t:
o
Cl
~
<IJ
-=
<IJ
>
o
"D
<IJ
bO
C
'"
..c
u
<IJ
>
'"
..c
Q)
~
x
~
>-
c
'"
2
'"
<IJ
>-
'"
:i
;.;:
"D
<IJ
t:
o
Cl
~
~
'"
Cl!
-=
'0
"D
c
Cl!
Cl!
-=
ro
ti
&
Cl!
c
.'!:!
[\l
Cl!
-=
2
~
"D
C
o
0-
~
(;
u
.'!:!
'"
~
c
~
::>
U
lO ::i.
00
N U
...... Z
a- ..
z >-
o z
" ~
~ Z
o ;:j
_ 0
o .
~ ~
rr
o
Q.
~
00
a-
N
~~
a-~
",M
cO
:JlO
VlX
-4
~"-
z
'"
>-
4M
" ......
, a-
::N
~~
VI N
M,..;
MO
OOlO
s:::
:::::s
~
s:::
C'O
Q.J
o
c:
o
+-'
U
"'C
tJl
~
~
-
~
.0
tJl 0
+-' 0
c..~O
Q,)~~O\
U >- : ~
Q,)~_....
0::: ~ 5
u: 0
>< E
~ <(co
r- ~
bI) ....
c:
.-
bI)
"'C
o
....J
~
u
o \l:I
....J 0\
0\
,....
\l:I
o
o
N
t'-.-CO
lf) cO
o C'./
'.0
l1'l
o
o
N
C'./ lf) M
'.00><t
<:tC'./
lf)
..,.
o
o
N
Nt'-.-O'I
MO'IM
lf)
M
o
o
N
If)<:t
co '.0 M
0'1
<:t
N
o
o
N
ONt'-.-
C'./ N
o
lf)
....
o
o
N
<:t <:t 0'1
If)0'It'-.-
<:t
<:t
o
o
o
N
<:t'.OM
lf) '.0 M
0'1
M
M lf)
t'-.-o
M
M
t'-.- co
Nr--:
co
M
t-..
0\
0\
....
lf) M
Olf)
lf)
M
<:tlf)N
o '.0 0'1
C'./
M
w
ro
~
c
~
::J
U
of:o.e~
oqq
0'1'.0'.0
>-
~
Z
::l
o >-
u iii
z..D
Z <(
::;
>-
~
Z
:::l
w 0
E u
o
c: I Cl::
g ~ 2
II w :c
w 3: -J
-.J(f)<(
~
N
o
C'./
lf)
MCOO'lO
'.0 co
'.0
co
C'./
If)
<:t
M co '.0 If)
t'-.- "- M 0
If)NM
co C'./
o
o
<:t
<:t
MLf)MCO
M"-CO"-
'.O'.ONC'./
'.0 N
0'1
"I"
co
If)
"I"
"I"
o
t'-.-
0'1 If)CO CO
lf) "I" "- '.0
If)'.ON'.O
lf)
<:t
C'./
"-
0'1
M
COM"I"N
Mlf) N
'.Olf)Nlf)
If)
<:t
M
M
If) If) '.0
N <:to
'.0 '.0 NM
If)
0'1
0'1
o
M
<:t "- 0'1 0'1
00'1"1""-
"I" <:t N M
o
o
o
N
M
"I"
'.0
co
C'./
co
t'-.-
If)
N
~
o
o
co
oeo-eoeoe
0000
'.00'1"-0'1
>-
~
Z
:::l
o
U
~ Z
ro 0
C
o~
~
.?
Qj E E
N W..D
W ro ::J
~(f)(f)
If) M
o
N
00'1
t'-.-
N 0'1
'.0
O'lMM
M"-CO
O'lNO
0'1
NLf)CO
'.O"-CO
<:tC'./
O'l
M co O'l
CONN
N C'./ N
O'l
N
'.0
"I"
MNO'IM'.O"I"
O'IOM'.OMO
M"-'.Olf)COO
"I" 0'1 M "-
lf) <:t
"-COlf) <:1"
"I" COO If)Q')
'.OCOM"-
N N N
'.0
"I"
co N N
0'100
M N "-
"I"
If)
N
o 0'1
"I" M
"I"
O'l
'.0
"I" N
N t'-.-
"I"
O'l
"-
N
"I" CO
If)
'.0
O'lO"l"t'-.- M
00 0 ''-If) t'-.-
"I" "I" O'l 0'1 lf) t'-.-
"I""I"N 0
N
'.0
'.0
0'.000"-"-
'.O"-"I"NON
M CO If)''-
If)MM M
M N
O'l
M M
CO
<:1"
"-
M
<:1",
M
MO'l Nt'-.-
"I" Nt'-.-
'.O'.ONO
N C'./ N
M
"1""
COMlf)C'./
"I"OMO'l
N 0'1 "- t'-.-
M N N
M N
<:1" "- M
t'-.-COO
If) M
N C'./
Nt'-.-
lf) t'-.-
0'1
N
M lf)
COt'-.-'.O
0'I'.00'l
C'./ 0
C'./
"I"'.ONOO>
CONO'Itr)
'.ONNCO
N C'./
If)<:1"O'lNCO
MM'.O<:1"
"I" C'./ <.0
C'./ C'./
t'-.- O'lNt'-.-
N "1""-0
NO'Ilf)<'o
If)
'.0
O'I"-COlf)t'-.-CO
CO 0'1 CO CO CO "I"
Nlf)lf) MN
<:1"COM M
N ,,-'
"I" 0'1'.0 N(V)
M"-CONN
Mt'-.-lf)O'l
N
'.0
Mlf)"-O'INN
O'IM"-O'Ilf)'.O
NO'lNO'lNCO
M N N
N '.0
N
'.0
Nlf)COMMM
"- "I" CO '.0 0
M<:1"lf)O'lN"I"
M "- N CO
lf)
<:1"
If)
Olf)MO'lOlf)
"-<:1"OO<.OM
MCOMO'Ilf)N
N N '.0
lf)
If)O'lNOO
<:1"NO'IM('o.j
<:1" '.0 "I" <.0
t'-.-'.00t'-.-0
'.Olf)COO'lN
Mlf)"I"<'o
ONM 0'1 <:1"
"I"M"-<.OO
N<:tMt'-.-
<:1"
"-<:1"MNO'I":
"-M\.O"-OCO
M"-"'\.O\.ON
NO'IC'./ 0'1
0'1' "'i""
C'./<:tMCO(V)
o MO
M <:t t'-.-
oe
o
L,"">
oe~oe
000
'.0 \.0 \.0
>-
~
z
>- ::l
~ 0
Z U
:::l
o :c
E u <( w
.5$~~~~-g~
-gO o.z -0.-5; ro '5
OCl::2-~L.~to
SC5I:)~lJJ:r=
~ ~
oe(fQ'2
If) 0 If)
O'I\'olf)
\.0
~~cf~02
ooooq
CO"-"-O'Ir--...
>-
>-~
~z
Z:::l
WW>-:::lO
~-O~OU
S Z U ~ _~
> ,:::lZO:::2c:
~cO....Ororo
~ c:U......~..D N
8::J~~<("'iii
> O-Jffi-J ro::2
>UO:c-JlJ
Q..Vlf=
"I" "- L1"\
o N "-
o lf)
M '.0
'.0 0'1
L1"\ 0 "I"
"-M
N '.0
0'1'.00'1
"'MCO
<.00'1
N If)
"-COO'l
<.0 0 a:)
a:) lf)
If)
CO\.O<:t
L1"\ N
a:)"-N
<:t
a:) <:t 0
lf) N
<.OO'IN
<:t
<:t 0 "-
M
L1"\"-N
<:t
N "- L1"\
"I" <:t N
L1"\ <:t N
<:t
a:)Na:)
<.0 0 a:)
M
<:t
"- "-
O'I"-a:)
0'1 0'1
M
L!")MN
"-MO
''-If)M
'"
* ~
~O
Oco
a:)
L
U
ro
W
CO
>-
ro
3:
ro
-Y
U
o
~
>-
~
Z
::l
o
-Y U c: c
O~<(.8o~
o QJ ::j IJ\ Q)
E ~ E -0 -~
ro..c::~(l)C:E
f-S~I~::l
::l
-0
o
.~
0.
Q)
E
*
*
....
L
CO
c:
---
..-
<f7
-0
Q)
t
o
0.
~
Q)
-E
di
>-
o
-0 ...;
Q)1:
""""
C
'" c
-6 Qj
Q) 0.
>- 0
'" U"l
Lei
CD'"
~ .-
x-'"
'" --
;'70
c E
~::
...:2
~~
'" ""
~ rr
-0 E
Q) '"
t U
o Q)
0. 1:
Q)I-
~ .
~ .
'"
~
Q) >-
-E-g
DO
-OM
C 0
'" ~
Q) "-
1: ~
~ 0
1ij G
u c
Q) '"
::t:: 0.
Q) 3
c U
o
~2
weft
-EU"l
E~
~
-0 C
g~
~ E
~ Q)
8I
2 0
"'~
c:<: ""
C ~
~ Q)
::J~
U .
"'::!:
00
N U
,... %
a- ..
>-
% %
g~
W %
O~
.0
o "
~ ~
'"
o
"-
~
CO
a-
N
~~
a-~
WM
toO
::>'"
VlX
~~
%
..,
>
<l:M
% ,...
" a-
;:N
3~
Vl N
M..;
MO
CO",
t:
:J
~
C
'"
QJ
o
~
U
.-
-C
fIl
.-
'-
~
......
>-
..0
fIl 0
~ 0
Q.....O
.- I<:l V;
Q.I <IJ c: 0'>
U >- 0'>
Q) ~ -E ~
~::;: ::>
u: 0
X E
ra <CO
I- 0'>
bl) ~
r:::
bl)
-C
o
...J
ra
u
o
...J
r:::
o
..a
o
o
N
(j)
o I'-
7 7
"'I
IJ')
o
o
N
(j) Lr\
CO (j)
"'I M
"'I
o::t
o
o
N
~M
M 7
ON
"'I
M
o
o
N
o 7
~
(j)
N
o
o
N
~ (j)
O~
(j)
....
o
o
N
M ~
CO CO
I'- 0
o
o
o
N
o I'-
M (j)
CO
"'I
CO
CO CO
I'- ~
1'-0
'"
0'>
0'>
....
Lr\"'t:
I'-CO
(j)
..a
0'>
0'>
....
CO~
o
I'-
~
re
~
C
~
....
::l
U
cf2.oe
00
Lr\ M
>-
~
>- z
~ :)
z ClJ 0
::> -oU
o ClJ 3 <(
U-gi-~
z ~ 5 9
o ~ 0 ...J
z-'U<(
:) ~
Lr\ Lr\
I'- (j)
M 0
"'I
~ I'-
o
M CO
7 "'I
(j) "'I
"'I I'-
(j)
01'-
"'I ~
7 ~
o ~
"'I ~
o
o (j)
"'I Lr\
Lr\
O~
"'I 7
~
M ~
-.D If')
M
u: 7
Lr\
"'I
cf2 cf2.
o 0
M Lr\
>-
~
ClJ Z
-0:)
~ "3 0
"i: i- U
2-co
~ 5 ~
..5u<(
~
~
Lr\
~
~
CO
(j)
o
~
o
Lr\
I'-
~
M
Lr\
7"
"'I
I'-
I'-
7
M
7
(j)
M
I'-
I'-
"'I
7
7
CO
~
(j)
M
7
Lr\
M
~
Lr\
~
~
M
~
7
o
o
M
Lr\
M
M
If')
CO
M
7
M
M
7"
M
Lr\
7
(j)
"'I
7
M
CO
o
7
~
If')
CO
"'I
Lr\
~
I'-
I'-
M
M
M
~
"'I
(j)
I'-
7
CO
M
M
~
~
"'I
If')
I'-
M
M
~
(j)
"'I
I'-
o
(j)
M
M
~
o
o
CO
2f2
o
I'-
>-
~
z
:)
o
u
z
U"lO
ClJ l-
re (,)
OZ
ClJ J:
...c: '"
1-<(
~
~~
Zz
ClJ:):)
~OO
3Uu
'O::...J
CLU...J
C ...J
::lLUJ:
OLU~
UJ:<(
~>-
Lr\
o
o
Lr\
(j)
~
o
(j)
o
M
(j)
"'I
7
(j)
u
o
.~
Q.
<U
E
"'t:
M
(j)
U
<U
t
o
Q.
@J
<U
L
CO
I'-
<U
>
o
U
<U
Oil
C
'"
L
U
<U
>
'"
L
'"
<U
~
Lr\
'"
x
~
>-
c
'"
~
M
"'I
I'-
.:
'"
<U
>-
'"
~
""
CO
Lr\
Lr\
U
<U
t
o
Q.
@J
'"
'"
o
7
Lr\
<U
-E
"0
u
C
<U
<U
-E
ro
~
o
o
~
ti
<U
::t::
<U
C
<U
~
~
ClJ
.n
3
ClJ
Z
<U
-E
.2
-0
c
o
S}
~
o
U
<U
ro
~
c
~
::J
U