HomeMy WebLinkAbout2010-0405 Study Session PACKET
CITY OF
ASHLAND
CITY COUNCIL STUDY SESSION
AGENDA
Monday, April 5, 2010 at 5:30 p.m.
Siskiyou Room, 51 Winburn Way
5:30 p.m. Study Session
1. Look Ahead Review
2. Does Council have questions about the Lithia Springs Draft Level II (Screening
Level) Ecological Risk Assessment Report and the Management Plan for Historic
Resources and have directions related to the property? [30 Minutes]
In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this
meeting, please contact the City Administrator's office at (541) 488-6002 (TTY phone number 1-800-735~
2900). Notification 72 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to
ensure accessibility to the meeting (28 CFR 35.102-35.104 ADA Title I).
COUNCIL MEETINGS ARE BROADCAST LIVE ON CHANNEL 9
VISIT THE CITY OF ASHLAND'S WEB SITE AT WWW.ASHLAND.OR.US
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CITY OF
ASHLAND
Council Communication
Study Session: Ecolo~ical and Historical Assessment ofthe Lithia Sprin~s Property
Meeting Date:
Department:
Secondary Dept.:
Approval:
April 5,2010
Public Works/Engineering
Community Devet ent
Martha Benne
Primary Staff Contact:
E-Mail:
Secondary Contact:
Estimated Time:
James H. Olson
olson i 0lashland .or. us
Michael R. Faught
30 Minutes
Question:
Does the Council have questions about the Lithia Springs draft Level II (Screening Level) Ecological
Risk Assessment Report and the Management Plan for Historic Resources and have direction related to
the property?
Staff Recommendation:
Staff recommends Council review both the Level II (Screening Levet) Ecological Risk Assessment
Report and the Management Plan for Historic Resources and provide direction to Staff. Both reports
provide conditions which should be considered for inclusion into the proposed new lease for the
Ashland Gun Club.
Background:
Executive Summarv
Staff, along with Brown & Caldwell Consultants will be presenting their findings of the Level II Study
at the Aprit 5, 2010 City Council Study Session. The Level II Study identifies potential contaminants
at the site that are sufficiently high to cause potential impacts to the plants and/or animals. The next
step for the Level II document is sending the final document to the Department of Environmental
Quality (DEQ) to review, which is anticipated to take three or more months.
Mr. George Kramer, author of the Historic Resources Management ptan will also be available to
answer questions regarding that document. The Historic Resources Management Plan recommends a
three step site management guide to protect the surviving resources that include "Don't Shoot at
Them", "Keep them Dry" and "Keep them Clean". In addition, the State Archaeologist informed the
planning staff that this site is a historic archaeological site registered with the State and have asked to
be informed before any ground-disturbing activities occur. '
The additional three or more month's timeline for DEQ to review the Environmental Assessment has
another unanticipated impact on the process. The Gun Club lease extension expires May 31, 2010, and
staff will not have sufficient data to complete the new long-term lease agreement that includes any
potential site cleanup or best management practices with the Gun Club by the end of the current lease
extension. To that end, at the April 6, 2010 City Council meeting, staff will be recommending that the
Council extend the Gun Club lease for an additional six (6) months.
Previous Actions
The Ashland Gun Club has leased a portion of the City-owned Lithia Springs Property for a shooting
range since approximately 1968. The current lease expired on May 31, 2009 and they have continued
to operate under a one-year lease extension. The Council is concerned that the historical and
Pagelof4
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CITY OF
.ASHLAND
environmental resources of the site be protected and has suggested that a protection and/or mitigation
plan be incorporated into the lease.
To identify all areas of concern and to provide management plans for the protection of the area, the
City contracted with Brown and Caldwell (B&C) to conduct an Ecological Risk Assessment and with
Kramer and Company to complete a Management Plan for Historic Resources. Both reports indicate
that additional steps should be taken to preserve and protect the environmental and cultural elements of
the property. Each of the reports are attached and summarized in the following sections.
Lithia Springs Property Management ptan for Historic Resources
The attached report was prepared by George Kramer, dba Kramer and Company, under contract with
the City's Community Development Department. Funding for the study was provided by the National
Parks Service Certified Local Government Program as administered by the Oregon State Historic
Preservation Office (SHPO). The purpose of the plan is to provide simple management, mitigation and
protection strategies for the existing built resources on the property.
I. Report Summary
The report states that there are three basic rules that should guide any activity within the proximity
of the surviving resources at the Lithia Springs site.
a. Don't Shoot at Them
Structures should be protected from gunshot or projectile impact of any kind. Structures
should not be used as targets or to support targets. Additionally no free-standing target of
any type should be permitted within 50' of an identified feature unless that feature is
protected by berms or other protective strategies approved by the City.
b. Keep Them Dry
Structure perimeters (and interiors, where applicable) should be kept free of vegetation to
avoid the collection and trapping of moisture against masonry surfaces.
c. Keep Them Clean
Structures should not be used for storage of excess building materials, trash or vegetative
debris.
The report further recommends that a mixture of cost effective and easily implemented passive
strategies and educational efforts would greatly enhance the protection of these important resources
and limit their further decay. Augmented by various active intervention strategies including
temporary bracing, increased weather protection and increased site maintenance and stewardship,
the identified historical resources would have a much higher change of survival.
Ultimately the Councit may wish to adopt this plan with the following two additional conditions:
I. The Historic Commission reviewed the plan at their September 2009 meeting and were
generally supportive of its adoption by Council. The two issues they raised were I) That the
Gun Club cease any burning on or near the historic sites; and 2) That the plan be modified to
indicate that any berms constructed not be created from on-site dirt so as to further protect
archaeologically sensitive areas. Both of these recommendations have been put into action by
the Public Works Department and by the Gun Club.
2. The Assistant State Archaeologist, Susan Lynn White contacted Planning staff to offer
comments and recommendations on the plan. She noted that the site is a historic archaeological
site registered with the state (35JA574) and requested that the plan be modified to note that
before any ground-disturbing activities occur on the site, including fill or other permits, that the
Page 2 of4
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CITY OF
ASHLAND
State Archaeologists Office be contacted and provided the opportunity to review the proposed
activity to determine whether it will have an adverse impact on the archaeological site.
Lithia Springs Ecological Risk Assessment
On May 19,2009 the Council approved a contract with Brown and Caldwell (B&C) to conduct an
ecotogical risk assessment ofa targe portion of the Lithia Springs Property including all of the land
under lease to the Ashland Gun Club. B&C was to conduct a Level I Scoping Study to be followed
by a Level II Screening Study if indicated. The third element of the contract was to develop Best
Management Practices (BMP's) for the operation of the shooting ranges. The Level I study was
completed in August, 2009 and the Level II screening study was authorized and budgeted on
December I, 2009. The Level II Screening Study has now been completed and is presented in draft
form.
B&C has prepared an executive summary of the results (attached). In brief form, the summary
includes:
. The Level t Study identified ecologically important species of plants and animals to be
potentially present. Further, the study identified contaminants in the soil which could
potentially impact those plants and animals. These findings required that the next level of
. analysis, the Level II Screening Level be advanced.
. The Level II Study indicated that the following conditions may potentially exist:
- Contaminants exist at the site, in the soil, groundwater and/or sediment at the site.
- Contaminants are sufficiently high to cause potential impacts to the plants and/or animals.
- The plants and/or animals may have the potential to come in contact with the contaminants.
Next Steps
Ultimately this report, in its final form, must be presented to DEQ for review and action. Prior to
submittal to DEQ there are some pre-emptive measures that the City may adopt, including:
. Additional Testing - B & C recommends additional evaluation of iron and cobalt to determine
if these metals are found in the background for the area.
. Identification of Best Management Practices (BMP's) - B & C has prepared BMP's for the
operation of the gun club facilities. These BMP's are an indication of the City's commitment
to the operation of the gun club facilities in an environmentally safe and efficient manner and
can be an indication to DEQ that the City is prepared to fully address this matter. These BMP's
should be carefully reviewed by the Council, City Legal and Public Works staff and by the Gun
Club leadership.
DEO Review
Upon review of the Level II Screening Study, DEQ has several possible actions that they might require
of the City including:
. Proceed to the next level or levels of assessment. There are four levels of risk assessment and
DEQ may determine that the completed Level I and Level II assessments do not adequately
address the conditions at the site. Additional costs would apply.
. Provide additional testing to support the findings of the completed Level II Screening Study.
They may include the iron and cobalt background determination as suggested by B & C and
other tests that DEQ may deem necessary for a final determination.
. DEQ may require an immediate clean-up of the site to remove all hazardous materiats.
. DEQ may require that BMP's be adopted and implemented.
Page 3 of4
='~,
CITY OF
ASHLAND
. Any combination of the above suggested actions.
It is anticipated that DEQ's review of this report may take three months or longer.
Further Recommendations
It may be in the City's best interest to consider the following course of action regarding the submittal
of the study to o'EQ:
. Submit the final report to DEQ
. Request an immediate conference with DEQ to discuss options prior to DEQ's adopting
findings and orders for the site.
. Indicate to DEQ that the City is aware of the problem, has voluntarily brought this issue
forward and wishes to mitigate the current conditions in a manner that protects the environment
yet allows the continued use of the facility.
Related City Policies:
ORS 465.200 through 465.455 and 465.900 establish the standards and procedures to be used for the
determination of removal and remedial action necessary to assure protection ofthe present and future
health, safety and welfare, and the environment in the event of a release or deposit of a hazardous
substance.
Council Options:
The Councils comments and direction regarding the next steps to be taken on the environmental risk
assessment of the City owned Lithia Springs Property are encouraged and appreciated.
Potential Motions:
No motions are presented at this study session.
Attachments:
1. Lithia Springs Property Management Plan for Historic Resources
2. Level II Ecological Risk Screening Executive Summary
3. The Draft Level II Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Report and the Best
Management Practices Report can be found on the City's website:
http://ashland.or. us/Page.asp?N av ID= 12 725
Page 4 of4
~~,
The lithia Springs Property, owned by the City
of Ashland and leased to the Ashland Gun
Club since 1968, is located at 555 Emigrant
Creek Road, a 65.98 acre parcel east of the
city limits. The property is identified on Jackson
County Assessor's Plat 392E07 as tax lots 400,
700 and BOO. Access is via Emigrant Creek
Road, east of Dead Indian Memorial Road.
Deed records document the first of these
parcels came into city ownership in 1930,
although some legal connection likely existed
as early as 1916-1917. The lithia Springs
property is the source of lithia Water, a highly
mineralized natural water that is piped from
this location to three sites within the
community. Ashland first developed lithia
Water as part of a hoped-for mineral springs
resort concept in the second decade of the
20th century, a plan that left lasting impact on
the community through the development of
lithia Park.
In 2005, the built resources of the lithia Springs
property were evaluated for potential listing
on the National Register of Historic Places.
That preliminary evaluation determined that
the remaining features of the lithia Spring
development, along with other built resources
that related subsequent uses of the site
including a dry ice plant, retained sufficient
integrity and association with themes of
Ashland's development to be listed on the
National Register of Historic Places. Interest in
protecting those resources for the future led to
the decision to develop a management plan,
outlining appropriate strategies to guide their
treatment by the City, the Ashland Gun Club
and any other activity on the site.
This report was prepared under contract to
the City of Ashland Community Development
Department, with financial assistance from the
National Parks Service Certified Local
Govemment Program, as administered by the
Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. It's
intent is to provide simple management,
mitigation and protection strategies for the
built resources related to the lithia Springs
Development. The future of the lithia Springs
site and its use. whether it continues under
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
lease as the Ashland Gun Club or is converted
all or in part to some other purpose, remains
uncertain. What is clear is that the wise
management of the property, no matter the
use, will assure every reasonable effort is made
to minimize further damage, and to protect
the opportunity for any future rehabilitation or
interpretation, to the greatest degree possible.
This document is not intended as complete or
detailed history of the lithia Springs site or its
development over time. Previous studies, most
notably An Inventory, Historic Documentation,
and Assessment of Cultural Resources at uthia
Springs and Winburn, as prepared by Nan
Hannon and Clayton Lebow in December
1987, provided basic background information
and the inventory of extant sites. Additional
review, prepared by the author in 2005,
evaluated the potential eligibility of the site for
historic designation.
This management plan was prepared by
George Kramer, Kramer & Company, Ashland,
with project oversight by Angela Barry,
AssiStant Planner, Ashland Community
Development Department. Reldwork began
in June 2009 and the report was finalized and
submitted to the City in August 2009.
Page 1
I. Recent History:
Review of the changes in condition at the
Lithia Springs site between December 1987,
when the site was documented, and the
present provide clear indication of the fragility
of these resources and the amount of loss that
can occur over a comparatively short period
of time without proper management.
Hannon and Lebow documented fourteen
(14) features on the Lithia Springs Site, in
addition to several wells. Some enumerated
features included multiple built elements and
two features, a garbage dump and a rock
pile, were not obviously built or directly related
to the Lithia development. The remaining
features were all remnants of the various Lithia
Springs-related activity present upon the site
since its initial development since 1907. Since
the Hannon-Lebow numbering system has
been adopted as the identification frameworle
for this management document. it is illustrative
of the potential for rapid resource loss to
compare the site they recorded with what is
present today.
1. Garbage Dump (not located/not extant):
2. Concrete Monolith: Assumed to be a gas
exchanger related to the Co2 operation,
this feature is remains in good condition.
3. Concrete Monolith, as above, located
near the creek bank, this feature appears
of later construction, with plywood form
maries. While somewhat suffering from
gunshot impact, this feature remains in
good condition.
4. Enclosed Concrete Structure, 130cm x
360cm and 50cm high, with a partially
collapsed top and side, that revealed the
interior to be hollow, this feature remains.
5. As above, in 1987 this feature included the
active pump for Lithia Water supply to City
of Ashland.
6. Concrete foundation of the ice factory,
built 1944, 1O.7xI2.2m in size. s
7. Angular Concrete Wall, 11.7 meters long
and approximately one meter high
8. Enclosed Concrete structure, as numbers 4
and 5 (Not located/removed)
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
9. Flat concrete slab, 9.1x6.1 meters
10. Concrete Monolith, as numbers 2 and 3.
(Survives, but has been knocked over).
11. Flat concrete slab, 11.3x9.1 meters
12. Pompadour Chief Spring (remains),
described as a "subterranean bathhouse-
type structure, with steps leading down
into the Lithia Water, the feature was
divided into two rooms, separated by a
door and low window, the top of the
window is arched, and the words
"Pompadour Chief" are carved into the
arch." (Significantly damaged)
13. Rock pile:
14. A) Steel Bridge across Emigrant Creek
(Relocated to Ashland Airport circa 1975)
B) Concrete pump house
C) Concrete and rock retaining wall at
Creek, including a stailway
D) Second concrete and rock retaining
wall at "Millrace." (now in.filled with
reeds)
Page 2
Not specifically identified by Hannon-Lebow,
sixteen additional resources were noted at the
site and are identified as follows. These are
predominately steel features, most related to
"wells" as shown on the 1987 map but not
given individual feature numbers.
09-1
09-2
09-3
09-4
09-5
09-6
09-7
09-8
09-9
09-10
09-11
09-12
09-13
09-14
09-15
09-16
Well Standpipe # 1
Foundation Pier
Well Standpipe #2
Unknown Structure
Well Standpipe #3
Well Standpipe #4
Well Standpipe #5
Well Standpipe #6
Well Standpipe #7
Well Standpipe #8
Well Standpipe #9
Well Standpipe #10
Well Standpipe #11
Well Standpipe # 12 (Crystal Geyser)
Mashed Metal Tank
Well Standpipe #13
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
Postcard View, Ashland Lithia Springs, c1910
Page 3
It is clear, both from a comparison of condition
in 1987 to the present, aided by physical
inspection, that the surviving built resources at
the Lithia Springs site have been significantly
damaged by both the elements and passage
of time in the last twenty-two years. This
damage has unfortunately been exacerbated
by entirely avoidable actions that include
target practice, well-meaning if ill-advised site
clearance, trash deposits, and trash buming.
Comparison of Features #2 and #3, located
outside the main use area, with similar features
within the main use area, provide strong
evidence that physical damage is not simply
the result of exposure. Similar comparisons of
the exterior elevations of Feature 148 are
similarly conclusive that damage is almost
certainly human-caused. These fragile
resources, representing a significant part of
Ashland's early 20th century history, will require
significant increased protection and improved
management if they are to have any
reasonable chance of surviving.
Three basic rules should guide any and all
activity within the proximity of the surviving
resources of the Lithia Springs Site. These
precepts shall guide all activity on the site by
the City of Ashland and its lessees.
1. Structures will be protected from
gunshot or projectile impact of any
kind. Structures will not be used as
targets or to support targets.
Additionally no tree-standing target of
any type is permitted within SO' of an
identified feature unless that feature is
protected by berms or other protective
strategies approved by the City.
2. Structure perimeters (and interiors
where applicable) will be kept free of
vegetation to avoid the collection and
trapping of moisture against masonry
surtaces.
3. Structures will not be used for storage
of excess building materials, trash,
vegetative debris.
Resource protection can be effectively be
summarized in three simple rules;
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
r-. --~.__.- -
I
I '
...J....
Feature #12, The Pompadour Chief
Springhouse, shown in 1975, 2005 and 2009,
from the top.
Page 4
II. Recommendations:
1. structures wJ1l be protected trom errant
gunshot or projectile impact 01 any kind.
structures wiD not be used as targets 01 to
support, targets. Additionally no free-
standing target of any type is permitted
within SO' of an identified historic feature.
All remaining concrete and/or metal elements
identified with the Uthia Springs development
will be isolated from all activity related to the
gun club use. This includes using features as
targets, or to support, any sort of blind or.
target, as well as an outright prohibition on the
location of any free-standing blind or target
(pattem, hay-bale. or other forms) from being
placed within fifty (SO) feet of any masonry
(concrete) resource. ALL historic resources will
be clearly marked, with protective fencing
where practical, so as to identity their
locations.
Surviving vertical monoliths (Features #2 and
#3, will be physically isolated and removed
from any connection to any Gun Club activity.
This includes removal from any target course,
independent of weapon. Existing courses will
be re-designed to completely and entirely
isolate historic features from any path of travel
or shooting alley.
The Ashland Gun Club will regularly inform and
educate its membership and guests that any
and all such marked historic resources are
specifically off-limits and to be avoided at all
costs.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
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feature #10, showing impact damage, 2009
Page 5
II. Recommendations: (Cont.)
2. structure perimelers (and interiors where
appDcable) wm be kept free of vegetation
to avoid the collection and trapping of
moisture against masonry surfaces.
Vegetation including plant materials as well as
wind blown or deposited soil in direct contact
with concrete or stucco-coated concrete
holds moisture against masonry surfaces and
accelerates decay. A regular site
maintenance program to reduce vegetation
and soil-build up around identified historic
features reduces this situation.
All soil should be scraped back from built-up
areas surrounding masonry features and
leveled so as to create negative drainage
away from the feature. This should be done
by hand, to avoid any physical damage to
these fragile features.
Use of herbicides is not recommended.
Should any herbicide be applied, extreme
care should be use to avoid any over-spray or
contact with masonry surfaces as such activity
can deposit salts and accelerated damage.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
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Page 6
II. Recommendations: (Cont.)
3. structures will not be used for storage of
excess building materials, trash, or
vegetative debris.
Simply and directly put, historic resources shall
not be used as a trash dump, a storage area,
or a bum pit. The use of historic concrete
resources as a "bum pit" creates a cycle of
expansion/contraction for any internal steel
reinforcement and significantly exacerbates
and accelerates damage by vaporizing
interior moisture pockets, creating steam-
generated spalling. In absolutely no situation
is any such burning activity in proximity to
resources acceptable.
Existing building materials adjacent to Feature
14B (the pumphouse) shall be removed. Any
other trash, wood, fire detritus, or any other
non-masonry material located within or on top
any historic feature will be removed.
Existing concrete slabs (Features 6, 9 and 11)
may be used for industrial storage (lumber,
steel lengths) provided adequate air
circulation (4" minimum) is maintained through
the use of risers made from masonry blocks.
No wood or metal will be stored in direct
contact with any historic masonry feature.
4. Annual Review.
In order to assure compliance with these
Guidelines and reduce avoidable
deterioration to historic resources at the Uthia
Springs site, an annual inspection will be made
of all identified features. This may occur in
conjunction with the lease-required Section
3.2(3) "Historic Day" open house or at some
other time as determined by the City and the
Lessee. .
Annual report notes, photos, or other materials
as appropriate will be maintained by the
Ashland Historic Commission/Community
Development Department to guide any future
review, restoration, or other study concerning
. the property.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
Feature 11, showing materials storage, 2009.
Feature 12, showing trash dump, 2009.
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.f.\~~ '!.v .-.... iF". t", t"";: ..t;\~~~;..!t.'..~:: ~:.!-
Feature 14B, showing vegetation, demolition
debris, and other material in close proximity,
2009.
Page 7
III. Passion/Isolation Strategies:
Barrier Protection:
Install berms around standing resources, to
provide protection from damage. Berms of
soil, located so as to avoid sloughing into or on
top of the resource, provide the single best
protection from random damage or
unauthorized use. Berms should be of
sufficient scale to fully isolate and protect the
resource from accidental damage.
Coupled with
prevent entry,
management
damage.
fenced/gated access to
this system provides the best
control to prevent future
Pro-active protection strategies (Section IV)
may occur within the bermed area, providing
additional resource protection.
If berms are not feasible, cyclone fencing
installed around key built features (5, 7, 10.
and 14A-C) will prevent unauthorized access
or use, limiting the potential for damage. This
approach provides little protection from
inappropriate target practice, relying instead
upon education and Gun Club practice to
avoid future damage.
Resfricl Use:
While it is certainly of benefit to have a regular
occupancy and use of the lithia Springs site,
providing a presence on the property that
inhibits vandalism and provides for timely
response to any natural issues, the historic
resources of the property would almost
certainly be in better shape than they are had
they simply been left alone for the past twenty
years. Continued use of the property is not an
issue, inappropriate and damaging use of the
historic built resources upon it most clearly is.
All masonry historic resources should be'
completely isolated from the day-Io-day
operation of fhe Ashland Gun Club or any
other City/lessee activity with the exception of
fhe modern Lithia Water pump house. These
resources should not be used to store building
materials except under controlled
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
circumstances, should not be used as trash pits
or dumps, and in absolutely no situation
whatsoever used for either burn pits or targets,
including target supports.
It is strongly recommended that use pattems
at the Gun Club be altered to remove any
and all member access to the area around
Feature 14. Bow targets should be re-oriented
away from the pump house and rock wall.
Intact vertical features (#2 and #3) should be
removed from bow course, isolated from gun
club activities and protected by berms,
fencing and other strategies to assure their
long-term survival.
I~-
I
General View of the site, showing the use of
berms by the Ashland Gun Club, 2009
Page 8
IV. Repair/Protection Strategies:
Repair damage:
Stabilize Rock Wall
The rock/concrete creek wall lining Emigrant
Creek, buill circa 1907 by Silver, is among the
earliest and most intact features on the site
(Sites 14C). While much of the wall's length is
in good condition, major damage is present at
the SW corner that given the rate of decay
since 2005 may be expected to fail at almost
any time.
This repair could include actual replacement
of missing cobblestones with material from the
site, recreating the missing portion
(approximately 24" x 40" in size) as well as
repair to the cast concrete coping which
exhibits severe settlement and cracking. In
such a scenario, careful attention to stone
pattem, mortar type and placement will best
integrate new work with the historic character.
If full repair is not feasible, or if delay is required
for project planning or funding, a TEMPORARY
repair should be created as soon as possible
to avoid actual failure. This might be best
accomplished by casting or installing a small
concrete foundation within the cavity and
bracing the coping portion with a vertical
support of stacked brick, concrete block or, at
minimum, a suitable wood post (4x4 or larger)
sixed and padded to provide maximum
contact with the unsupported "arch." (See
sketch). Vertical supports should simply make
contact with existing masonry, not attempt to
move it back to level.
If the temporary support is to exist during
winter or Spring, when creek levels rise, it can'
be sandwiched between two sheets of
exterior grade plywood (4/4 recommended)
with through bolls to reduce water impact
and further erosion.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
Feature 14C, 2005
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.../r:~.u .., I.. . '.. '0.,. "'. . ,~';:
~ "..~, '''''"''i}\,%,:
Y'~~Ji.,:,~;
.. IX jt.~~_ ....<,
.. ~'. '.f''''':;'_\.'''-Yr
., 1'~" ...
"ll",~. -~'i'...._..
,,'
~'-:" ,,~..~
',f' ...
'''';~.''''-~~
."
~"'"'.
,
Feature 14C, 2009 (Note missing wall portion
(arrow), failing coping)
BIodcing sized 10 fit
irrogular opening and
shimmed to provide
maximum suppor1
4x
Vort.
5,
4x
Vo.
Su .
I-~ ~l
ConctetePad,or~PI8f
Suggested temporary support design, Feature
14C .
Page 9
Temporary Roofing/Weather Protection:
For key resources creating a temporary
weather protection system would significantly
reduce future damage by protecting the
masonry from rain and freeze/thaw. This could
be a simple wood-frame and metal-roof
"shed" open on all four sides to assure
adequate ventilation. Appropriate
dimensional lumber (Pressure-treated is
recommended) can be dry set into ground to
form a simple support system. Roofing
material can be simple corrugated metal.
sheets. A neutral color material (gray, tan) will
minimize visual impact. Standard construction
and anchoring for wind load will assure
longevity.
Roof should be sized with a minimum 4/12
pitch and sufficient roof/eave extensions to
protect beyond all vertical walls for a
minimum of 48" in each direction. Drip edge
drainage should be controlled to assure water
drains away from the building.
This recommendation applies specifically to
the pump house (Feature 146), a resource of
considerable significance to the site, being
the only remaining "standing" structure. It's
survival, along with the perimeter stone walls
around it, are key to the integrity of the Lithia
Springs development. Similar coverings may
be appropriate for Features 2 and 3, as well as
feature 10, to reduce additional damage.
Excavation/Ground Isolation:
Feature 10, one of the three identified
monolithic concrete towers on the site in 1987
to survive, is currently lying in two pieces, after
having been toppled for unknown reasons.
This feature, a hollow square of concrete with
stucco surfacing, could ulfimately be righted
to its proper orientation as a part of some
future interpretation effort. Feature 5, another
. monolith, is also now in horizontal orientation.
At minimum these features should be isolated
from direct contact between stucco and the
ground, a situation which will rapidly increase
surface deterioration. Carefully picking up the
feature and placing it upon concrete blocks
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
to create a minimum of 4" ground clearance
will allow suitable air tlow.
Feature 146,2009
~'~-~~~_..-
'. ", "-.. , ,\'-, ' -,.' l;:.~ ,r.;..-.."
-~.-- - ~ -S'\":;"'>'::;;'p0'
: .:"""'. . '?1~'11' ~i~"'}~"
r~<l eJ\I~rj,:Y
l~ I J ~_.:- "
."
~'-:.,..,-.",:...-"\
-<~I,\-~..-~qt':~!f~' ',,1
Feature 10, 2009
Feature 10. 2009
Page 10
Education & Interpretation:
The treatment of resources at Uthia Springs
between 1987 and 2005, provides clear
evidence that lack of awareness of historic
resources leads to their damage. The
reduction in avoidable damage, but not its
cessation, between 2005 and the present, a
period in which the significance of these
resources became an increasingly visible issue,
shows that continued education of all user
groups at Uthia Springs, including city
employees, public safety officers and general
club membership, must continue. The
implementation of this management plan
requires that awareness and appreciation of
the fragile nature of these features remain an
integral element ot the Gun Club operation
and stewardship of the properly.
Assuring all users of the Lithia Spring property
are aware of its historic features is best
accomplished through a statement to that
effect included in Gun Club membership
forms and other communications. Small site
signs (5x7, 8xlO) comparable to those used by
the US Forest Service can be manufactured of
aluminum/vinyl at modest cost. Such signage
could be installed in close proximity to all built
historic features, identitying them and such
and alerting users to their value (See proposed
sign at right).
Additional awareness can be built through
modest interpretation, including a small on-site
sign or informational kiosk installed adjacent to
the Gun Club headquarters building. This
simple structure, of a painted panel. or
"shadow-box" design could face the parl<ing
are or some other appropriate location, to
inform any visitor of the history of the site, its
fragile remaining resources, and our collective
need to protect them for the future.
Under Section 3.2(3) "Historic Day" of the City
of Ashland/Ashland Gun Club lease, the club
will provide access for all neighbors and
community members for at least one day per
year. This event could be tied to increased
interpretation of the site and the importance
of Ulhia Water to Ashland in coordination with
the Ashland Historic Commission, Southem
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
Oregon Historical Society and other
appropriate entities.
Proposed Feature Identification sign, 2009.
Resource Discovery:
Given the modified grade and serial layering
of soil at the Lithia Springs site, there is a high
probability that currently hidden historic
resources associated with the development of
Lithia Water remain buried below current
grade level. Careful planning and monitoring
. during any proposed site worl<, whether
related to environmental clean up activity or
re-contouring to create berms or other
features required by the lessee will assure the
protection of these resources.
Ground penetrating radar can provide
information on subsurtace features prior to any
excavation and is considered the best
method of pre-identifying the location of
remaining features. Such sites should be
caretully defined to minimize damage.
Where an inadvertent discovery is made
during any site worl<, further excavation should
cease immediately to allow cultural resource
specialist review of the site and the
development of an avoidance strategy.
Page 11
V. Summary:
The historic resources at the Lithia Springs
property have suffered considerable damage
over the past 40 years, the result of both City
of Ashland and Ashland Gun Club actions.
With new appreciation for the history of the
property and increased awareness on the part
of all parties, deterioration has been largely
arrested. However, due to past damage and
the on-going and entirely normal exposure to
the elements, the future of masonry resources
in particular is increasingly threatened.
As recommended here, a mixture of passive
strategies and education, cost-effective and
easily implemented, will enhance protection
of these important resources and, hopefully to
a limit their further decay. Augmented by
various active intervention strategies, including
temporary bracing, increased weather
protection, and increased site maintenance
and stewardship, key features will be given
every realistic opportunity of survival given
limited funding for such protection.
That the Lithia Springs property, the historic
and continuing source of Ashland's Lithia
Water, is of importance to the community is
beyond question. Whether its built historic
resources related to the development of Lithia
Water remain extant, and whether or not
there is any future use of the property that
would benefit from their survival, is an open
question. The recommendations of this
management plan outline some modest
efforts toward improving the likelihood these
historic features will survive until such time, if
any, that citizens of. Ashland identify an
additional, or alternative, use for the property
that would benefit from their presence.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
ASHL,,~ND
W' ATERS
Lithia Waters Logo, Circa 1910
(Southem Oregon Digital Archives)
Page 12
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
V. Images:
The following is intended to aide in teature identification. Numbers are based upon the 1987
Hannon-Lebow report, as modified.
FEATURE
NO.
1
2
NAME/DESCRIPTION IMAGE,2oo9
"Historic Garba e Dum " Not located/Removed?
Concrete Monolith, assumed to be an exchange or
reduction element associated with the production of
C02, these features have several metal lined "ports"
and a pierced metal "lid."
3 Concrete Monolith
4 Enclosed Concrete Structure: Apparently also related
to the production of C02
5 Enclosed Concrete Structure, located immediately
east of the small, non-historic, wood pump house that
currently supplies Lithia Water to the city.
Page 13
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
FEATURE NAME/DESCRIPTION
NO.
6 Concrete Foundation/Ice Factory
IMAGE, 2009
Not Located/Removed?
7 Angular Concrete Wall
8 Enclosed Concrete Structure
9 Flat Concrete Slab [Ice Factory]
10 Concrete Monolith
11 Flat Concrete Slab (includes rectangular "well"
feature)
12 Pompadour Chief Spring house (Foundation only)
13 Rock Pile
Page 14
FEATURE
NO.
14A
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
NAME/DESCRIPTION IMAGE, 2009
Steel Bridge across Emigrant Creek (relocated to
airport c1975) [2005 Photograph]
14B Concrete Pumphouse
14C Concrete & Rock retaining wall/stairs (along Emigrant
Creek)
14D Concrete & Rock retaining wall/wing dam. This
feature continues below grade and connects into the
wall of 14C, as well as continuing to the west. where it
is overgrown by Cattails and marshy vegetation.
Page 15
FEATURE
NO.
09-1
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
New resources. below. added to 1987/nvento
NAME/DESCRIPTION IMAGE, 2009
Well Standpipe # I, This feature is located on the west
of the main access road, approximately 50' north of
the entry gate.
09-2 Foundation Pier: This small concrete element with
metal pins is located on the South side of the now-
blocked access road a the eastern edge of the
property. A matching feature, toppled, in located on
the opposite side of the road, near feature 09-3
09-3 Well Standpipe #2, cast iron flange.
09-4 Unknown structure: Includes a concrete encased
metal "barrel" and a separate concave concrete
surface inset into a case square pad, located
immediately north of 09-3A
Page 16
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
FEATURE NAME/DESCRIPTION
NO.
09-5 Well Standpipe #3, located just south of Feature 3.
IMAGE, 2009
09-6
Well Standpipe #4, case iron with flange, approx. 8"
diameter, located in a group of several standpipes,
SW of features 3 and 4
09-7
Well Standpipe #5, located south of 09-6
09-8.
Well Standpipe#6, located immediately east of 09-7
Page 17
FEATURE NAME/DESCRIPTION
NO.
09-9 Well Standpipe #7, located to the SE of feature 7
09-10 Well Standpipe #8, located near Feature 7
09-11 Well Standpipe #9: A steel well casing approximately
6" in diameter, this feature is located near Feature #7
and is assumed to be a former source for lithia Water.
09-12 Well Standpipe 10, located near 09-11 : ,
09-13 Well Standpipe # 11, Located near roadway, east of
feature 8, this pipe has been modified with the
attachment of a modem hose bib.
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
IMAGE, 2009
Page 18
FEATURE
NO.
09-14
09-15
09-16
Lithia Springs Management Plan
August 2009
NAME/DESCRIPTION IMAGE, 2009
Well Standpipe #12"Crystal Geyser" well pipe and
curbing: This 4" diameter standpipe, approximately
30" tall and terminating in a steel flange, is surrounded
by a small concrete curbing. It is similar in design to
the "Crystal Geyser," located on the property as early
as 1907 and appears to be same feature described in
a January 1966 article as "the original Lithia Springs
well."
Mashed metal tank: This feature, approximately 18" in
diamefer, appears to be a portion of a large steel
tank or standpipe, compressed to grade level. It is
located in on the slope, immediately east of Feature
# 1 0 and may relate to a former use or structure at this
location.
Well Standpipe #13: Approximately 30" high and 6" in
diameter, with flanges and of her fittings, this feature is
located in the middle of the range and projects
above grade. A more modem appearing galvanized
metal pipe and cap (2.25 inch diameter) is located in
the center of fhe feature.
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-"0,.' .....~:';::::"~;..;~~. .~~,:-'";~:.-:.:;-
"1'4:t.~. (:",-," ::J..;: ~.~';....:. -"c1"._....-.,l
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;~~_~tt:~~~.......,'::"\:.~:;;..:...?..>G..........~":' .'
Page 19
VI. Maps:
1. Site Map, 1987 (from Hannon-Lebow)
2. Site Map, 2009 (revised and modified,
otter Hannon-Lebow), showing extant
features)
3. Aerial View, 2009
- ."-".-.. "~
y .(Z~.attt-.. S.
4I'fii-~:-~~ .
IA SP_.... :
€4(;;;;;l!jj;i4~r
~.. '7-" ~. .,..
-L,;-' '~'.;r,' r.r.;:r";" ... J:~,;J'"
~~.~~
4' :t'.. _.tf:J;J"
,... t .<1, .... .
!.'. ~.,4
oiL.. :::>""~~
....,~~.......
Proposed Lithia Water Bottle design, as
presented to Ashland City Council by Mr.
Leslie Marcus, the last known effort to bottle
Lithia Water for commercial sale (ADT. June
16,1965,1:6).
BrownAND
Caldwell
201 North Civic Dri,'c
Wlllnut Creek, Califomi:l 94596
www.brownandcaldwell.com
March 30, 2010
DRAFT
Mr. Mike Morrison
Project and Facilities Manager
City of Ashland
20 E. Main Street
Ashland, Oregon 97520
Subject: Level II Ecological Risk Screening
Executive Sununary
Dear Mr. Morrison,
As you requested, Brown and Catdwell has prepared this executive summary
of our Level II RiskScreening Report lbis letter contains that summary. In
the near term, this letter will be finalized and a discussion of BMPs
appropriate for this gun range will be included at that time.
Executive Summary
The Ashland Gun Club has operated at its current location in Ashland
Oregon since 1968 under a lease form the City of Ashland. As the site's lease
is due for renewal and in accordance with published guidance from Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ), an ecological risk
assessment (ERA) was considered necessary by the City. Under ODEQ
guidelines, the ecological risk assessment should be performed in steps known
as Levels. The City retained Brown and Caldwell (Bq to perform the Level I
and II Screenings of the ERA (which are ftrst two steps of a potentially four
step process) and to provide consultation on the results and for best
management plans (BMPs) for gun ranges. The J..evel I Screening ERA was
performed by BC in July 2009 and submitted to the City for review. The
conclusion of the Level I Screening ERA, using the guidance documentation
and criteria provided by ODEQ, was that sufficient evidence existed for
potential impacts to soil, groundwater and! or sediment by gun club activities
that a Level II Screening was advisable. The results of the Level I Scoping
Study are as follows:
. The Level I ERA identified ecologically important species of plants and
animals and their associated habitat to be potentially present on site or
within the Site's 2-mite Study Area; these species may be of a threatened
or endangered status as defined by either state or federal law
. The Level I ERA found that the Site provides habitat for these
ecologically important species and the potential presence of
contaminants in soil. Groundwater and! or sediment may potentially
impact those wildlife and plant species; the potential presence of both
Mr. Mike Morrison
March 30, 2010
Page 2
the contaminant and the wildlife in the same place is considered to be a
completed pathway.
Thus, the Level I Screening ERA, based on the ODEQ guidance criteria,
recommended the performance of a Level II Screening Level ERA (Level II
ERA).
Under ODEQ guidelines, the Level II ERA involves sampling of soil,
groundwater and sediment in potentially impacted areas to detennine if the
contaminant concentrations are sufficient to potentially impact ecological
receptors (wildlife or plants) at the site. Prior to the Level II ERA, BC
prepared a cost proposal which outlined the recommended sampling plan
including the number of samples, the types of samples, the media to be
sampled, the laboratory tests for each sample and the sample locations. BC
met with City of AsWand personnel to tailor the proposed sampling plan
outline to account for the institutional information that the City possessed
regarding the site. After agreement was reached on the proposed sampling
plan outline, BC implemented the sampling activities in January 2010. The
soil, groundwater and sediments samples collected from the sampling
activities were submitted to licensed laboratories for analysis selected in the
plan outline. Laboratory results were received in late January and February of
2010.
The purpose of this Level II ERA was to evaluate whether;
1) Contaminants exist at the site in the soil, groundwater andlor
sediment at the site;
2) Contaminant concentrations are sufficiendy high (exceed ODEQ or
EP A crite1;a) to cause potential impacts to the wildlife and/ or plants;
3) The wildlife andlor plants have sufficient potential to come in
contact with contaminants potential impact to the wildlife andlor
plants may be caused.
If all three conditions are found (through the sampling and laboratory testing)
to potentially exist, then there exists completed ecological exposure
pathway(s) and further investigation via the last two steps of the ERA process
may be warranted.
. With respect to Condition #2, it is possible, that even though the contaminant
concentration is sufficiendy high to exceed ODEQ or EI' A criteria, the risk of
the contaminant and the wildlife interacting is lessened by some other factor
such as the contaminant depth in soil or other factors. Therefore, in addition
to thc comparison of contaminant concentrations to guidance criteria, the
actual risks associated with the contaminant concentrations and the potential
exposure routes to wildlife and plants are estimated for those chemicals for
which complete pathways were identified.
alIach 1 "~,,,d ""ul;" summary - draft - 3-29-10.doc
Mr. Mike Morrison
March 30, 2010
Page 3
A Level II ERA is designed to be conservative so that any potential risk will
not be underestimated; that is, the process has a tendency to lean to the side
of protecting wildlife and plants by somewhat overestimating the actual
impact from the contaminants. The finding that there are risks above
ecological screening levels does not necessarily mean that there is a threat to
the ecological community but only that further evaluation might be warranted.
In summary, the results of this Level II ERA indicate that further ecological
evaluation is warranted for elevated concentrations of contaminants such as
metals, in particular lead and antimony, in soil samples from the berms used
for target practice. Although iron concentrations were sufficiently high to
have an elevated risk, the consistent iron concentrations in areas where target
. practice was not taking place, suggests that high iron concentrations arc
present in the background and may be part of the natural geology of the
region. Further evaluation of iron and cobalt as background metals is
warranted. Other conclusions from the Level II ERA'include:
. There is no evidence that further ecological evaluation of metals or
organic chemicals in the skeet range is warranted.
. The concentrations of chemicals in surface water and sediment do not
indicate evidence of impact from the chemicals in the berms.
. Although a few chemicals in groundwater exceeded their criteria, there
is no known method of contact between wildlife and groundwater and
the high contaminant concentrations in groundwater may be the result
of the groundwater sampling method rather than actual high
concentrations of contaminants.
Overall, BC recommends further evaluation of iron after ODEQ completes
their review to determine if it is found in the background for the area.
Whether or not completion of the last two levels of the ecological risk
assessment process is necessary will depend on ODEQ review of the Level II
ERA. They may require that the additional levels of evaluation be performed,
or they may simply require additional sampling in some areas, or they may
move directly to actions such as cleanup requirements.
It is likely that some soil removal and disposal will be required by ODEQ at
some point in order to re4uce the risk to wildlife and plants from contact with
contaminants.
Best Management Practices
For the Ashland Gun Club property, Brown and Caldwell would recommend
the use of the EP A's Best Management Practices (BMPs) which are attached.
These BMPs provide the basic information for the practices which would help
the club in managing the soil and metals at the site. Although BC's previous
....2"hI""''''''Ii'. summary - draft - 3-29-10.doc
Mr. Mike Morrison
March 30, 2010
Page 4
reports have identified, through sampling and analysis, lead and antimony as
the metals of concern and the EP A BMPs are more focused on lead, the
antimony management would be handled in the same way as a heavy metal.
BMPs Purpose
In general at gun ranges, the purPose of the BMPs is to manage the exposure
pathways where lead or othet metals can come into contact with humans and
the envirorunent. All of the factors which contribute to completing the
exposure pathways must be addressed or mitigated. As a result, management
of the exposure pathways by detennining each factor's impact becomes the
primary focus and purpose of the BMPs.
Factors
As mentioned in the EPA BMPs, the five primary factors arc:
1) Annual Precipitation Rate
2) pH of rain and Surface Water
?) Contact Time
4) Soil Cover
5) pH of Groundwater
For the AsWand Gun R.~nge on the western side of the coastal range, we
would anticipate that the annual precipitation rate would be moderate -
average of approximately 20 inches of precipitation a year. With a moderate
rate, it would be anticipated that some precipitation would infiltrate to
groundwater or runoff to surface water (m this case to the creek) and these
would be the primary routes.
1be rain and surface water pHs impact the transport of soluble lead if the
pHs are acidic. A current search for rainfall pH for the region indicates the
existence of low (acidic) rainfall pH areas within the region. As this factor and
the annual precipitation rate are not under the control of the Ciry or the Gun
Club, these factors can only be mitigated through engineering controls to be
discussed later.
Contact time between acidic water and lead provides the key factor for
detennining the amount of soluble lead that is generated at the site and
transported to groundwater and surface water. This in turn becomes the most
damaging material for impacts on wildlife and plants. Engineering controls
such as the use of sandy, organic well-drained soil in the areas where lead
accumulates is one means of providing as little contact time between rainwater
and lead within the vicinity and introduces another factor - soil cover.
For groundwater pH, the issue becomes the migration of soluble lead from
the surface to the groundwater and through the groundwater. If the pH is
sufficiently acidic to continue the migration, then the lead can travel from the
site to adjacent sites via groundwater, theoretically. Again, as groundwater pH
is not necessarily in the control of the City or the Gun Club, this factor can be
mlach' ,,_ "",,'M> summary - draft - 3-29-10.doc
Mr. Mike Morrison
March 30, 2010
Page 5
mitigated by keeping the lead from reaching the groundwater in the first place.
Other factors exist for lead transport in groundwater from the site, such as
annual precipitation, soil types, soil chemistry, groundwater depth and
groundwater pH. These factors are largely muted if the basic retrieval of lead
from the ground surface is performed periodically.
Specific BMP Recommendations
BC recommends the following BMPs from the EPA document for the
AsWand Gun Range.
1) Perform sampling of soil, rainfall and groundwater to determine soil
. types, pHs, groundwater pHs, and rainfall pHs to determine the more
specific types ofBMPs that are necessary.
2) Based on range size and the number of different types of shooting
practice (rifle, skeet, shot, pistol, etc.), it is best to target technologies
which are effective for a particular area. For the skeet area, the BMPs
for skeet debris and shot need to be implemented, for example.
Different BMPs for different areas may be a necessity to control lead
migration from the area.
3) For berm areas and areas dealing with stationary targets, changing the
use of paper targets to rubber mat targets may enhance the capture of
lead and reduce the amount of bullet disintegration and spray.
4) Sorting the upper six inches of soil in the shooting range to remove
rocks and larger stones may also help in reducing lead disintegration.
5) For the lrap/skeet range, banning lead shot would reduce the
potential impact of the shot on the wildlife. Iron concentrations
would increase as lead concentrations decrease, but iron is much less
toxic than lead.
6) Regular raking or soil sifting with lead fragmenr removal will also help
wirh reducing lead migration issues. Removing lead fragments will
also reduce the disintegration of larger lead fragments into small
fragments.
7) Maintain records of types of activities on site to estimate the amount
of lead that will need to be removed.
Any action' that would trap bullet fragments near the surface and protect them
from subsequent impact and accumulation of water would help to reduce the
issues associated with operation of the range.
If you have any questions concerning this letter, please call either Don
Trueblood at (925) 210-2281 or Kenn Conner at (925) 210-2203.
anach 2 as.aod ex,,"''' summary - draft - 3-29-10.doc
Mr. Mike Morrison
March 30,2010
]'age 6
Very truly yours,
BROWN AND CALDWELL
Donald C Trueblood
Managing Scientist
Kenn Conner, P.E
ES Group l.cadet
cc:
Attachments (1)
attach 2 ast!land e~eclllive sununary - draft - 3-29-10.doc