HomeMy WebLinkAboutBotanical Survey 1997
1997 BOTANICAL SURVEY
City of Ashland Lands in the Ashland Creek Watershed
Wayne Rolle
Dec. 8, 1997
INTRODUCTION
I am a U.S. Forest Service botanist. The City of Ashland negotiated with Rogue
River National Forest for a week of my time to complete a rare plant survey on
City lands in the Ashland Creek Watershed. The project was prompted by the
city's desire to become aware of any significant natural resource concerns on
their forest lands. I completed the survey work over about 4 days from May to
August of this year.
A map of the areas surveyed is attached to this report. I believe there is
some city-owned forest land that was not included in the survey area.
RARE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES
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I searched for any vascular plant species that the Forest Service would
consider to be unusual and important elements of biological diversity if found
on Forest Service lands surrounding this survey area. This roughly corresponds
to the Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ONHP) lists, Forest Service (FS) Region
Six (R6) sensitive plant list, and the Rogue River National Forest (RRNF) rare
plant species list, and anything not normally found in our part of southwestern
Oregon.
I am familiar with both the common and the rare plant species that occur in
southwestern Oregon. The previous summer I conducted botanical surveys on
Forest Service land surrounding the city land (FS Hazred and Ashland RNA
burning projects) and located a number of rare species. These species could
have also occurred on city land.
I found three species I wish to discuss in this report:
1. The three-leaved horkelia (Horkelia tridentata) is perhaps the most
significant rare plant species found. At this time, this species is known
in Oregon only from the Ashland Creek watershed and fringes of the adjacent
Wagner, Neil, and Tolman Creek watersheds. Most of the dry sunny natural
openings where this species is found have disappeared due to fire exclusion
over many decades. Current status is ONHP list 2 and FS R6 sensitive.
This plant is abundant and secure in California.
Several patches were found northeast of Reeder reservoir. They form a
population with other patches on adjacent Forest Service land. A
monitoring plot was established prior to this spring's prescribed burn to
detect changes that may occur in population numbers and occupied area. It
is believed that prescribed fire and other methods of maintaining canopy
openings will be beneficial to this species.
2. Lemmon's catchfly (Silene lemmonii) is little known and under-collected in
Oregon. It is more abundant and secure in California. I've found it in a
number of places in the Ashland Creek Watershed. Occurrences usually have
only a few individuals. Current status is ONHP review list (being
evaluated) and RRNF forest concern species.
Two small occurrences were found along the City/FS boundary on the isolated
(, southern piece of City property. One of these is probably on FS land.
This species occurs sporadically in both disturbed and undisturbed parts of
the watershed, and in a variety of aspects, elevations, and degrees of
canopy closure. I have seen no clear population response, positive or
negative, to human activities in the watershed. I don't believe activities
on city land will influence the local viability of this species.
3. The crinkle-awn fescue (Festuca subuliflora) is a woodland grass more often
found in the coast ranges and farther north in Oregon. It is uncommon
locally. On City land, I found 5 small patches in deep shade in dry
douglas fir stands of various ages. I have seen 2 small patches on
adjacent Forest Service lands. I have also seen it on Forest Service land
in the Applegate watershed. Currently this species has no status on ONHP
lists or local Forest Service lists.
Thinning, prescribed burning, and other activities that allow more light to
the forest floor are expected to have a direct negative effect on this
grass species. There is some risk that these activities could result in
local extirpation of this species.
..........~' ~~---, "" ~"~~,..
It is not adequately known how rare this fescue is locally, or how
significant are the Ashland Creek watershed occurrences.
For this reason I
am unwilling at this time to recommend measures that makes it more
difficult for the city to control high intensity fires in the future.
Copies of sighting reports (with maps) for the horkelia and the catchfly are
attached to this report.
produced.
Sighting reports for the fescue locations were not
Engelmann spruce (picea enqelmannii) is rare in the Klamath Mtns.
It has been
reported from city property and Forest Service property south of Winburn Camp.
This population was relocated and it turns out to be Norway Spruce, a
non-native used in a past reforestation effort there. There is indeed one or
more authentic Engelmann spruce trees on Forest Service land in this vicinity,
but I tentatively consider them to be planted like the Norway spruce, and not
part of a naturally occurring population.
Engelmann spruce does occur
naturally at higher elevations in the east fork of Ashland Creek watershed.
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Other noteworthy species that I looked for but did not find are the
lady-slipper orchids (Cypripedium montanum and Cypripedium fasciculatum) in the
older conifer forests and California greenbrier (Smilax californica) in the
riparian areas.
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS AND FUNGI
I did NOT search for any rare non-vascular plants (mosses, liverworts, lichens)
or fungi.
Potential habitat for some rare species among these classes of
organisms is present within the survey area.
NATIVE PLANT COMMUNITIES
I did not inventory plant communities during my field reconnaissance. The
survey area has fine examples of mid-and late successional conifer forest and
some rich riparian vegetation zones. Most parts of the survey area have a
relatively intact native flora. However, I did not find any plant communities
that I would consider unique or rare for southwestern Oregon.
"'.,-............-.,~-,'
NON-NATIVE PLANTS AND NOXIOUS WEEDS
I did not search specifically for any non-native plant species or official
noxious weeds. Non-natives are present in limited numbers on limited acres.
As usual, they are most prevalent in disturbed areas, along roads, and open low
elevation south aspects. Some European annual grasses and non-native forbs
have already reached equilibrium level, limited only by the extent of open
disturbed ground.
Generally, non-native plant species and noxious weeds are seen as a threat to
native flora and fauna. Some can act as keystone species affecting ecosystem
processes and influencing the development of entire plant communities.
I expect the disturbance associated with active forest management on city land
(and FS land) will result in some increased abundance of non-native species.
This has already occurred on most shaded fuelbreaks in the watershed. I don't
know if this gradual moderate invasion is worse than the strong invasion of
non-native species that would be expected after high intensity wildfires.
Noteworthy non-native plant species that are present and likely to increase
their presence are:
1. Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), particularly in the low
elevation moist draws.
2. Rose campion (Lvchnis coronaria) in the forest and forest openings in
the lower parts of the survey area.
3. Dalmation toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) on the open grassy slopes east
of Reeder reservoir above the east fork of Ashland creek (most of this
infestation is on Forest Service land) .
4. Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) and dogtail grass (Cynosurus echinatus)
in the oak woodland and open-canopied conifer forest in the lower parts of
the survey area, definitely contribute to flammability of the landscape.
Seen very nearby but not observed in the survey area is Scotch broom (Cvtisus
scoparius. It could easily spread into the lower elevation portions of the
survey area. It could contribute to flammability of the landscape.
.........".
Neither yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) or any of the related
knapweeds were detected.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Cooperate with the Forest Service to maintain and collect data on the
Horkelia tridentata monitoring plots that have been established.
I have
recommended that the Forest Service actively maintain habitat for this species
by maintaining openings and/or open canopies on a number of ridges and south
slopes. The same activities on city land are likely to be beneficial for this
species. However, the city has only a small fraction of local horkelia
populations and local viability of the horkelia is not likely to be dependent
on management of the city's forest land.
2. I recommend no special management for Silene lemmonii or Festuca
subuliflora at this time.
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3.
I recommend an active PREVENTION program to limit the spread of non-native
plants and noxious weeds on the city's forest land.
Concentrate on:
1. limiting the unintentional transport of seeds and propagules from
infected areas to uninfected areas. Vehicles, machines, and hauling of
rock, soil, and brush are the main vectors over which the city may have
some control.
2. limiting ground disturbance. Minimize the use of tractors and anything
else that exposes and churns soils outside of existing road corridors.
Keep prescribed fires cool enough to retain at least the organic component
in the soil A horizon and, if possible, a significant fraction of the duff
layer.
3. detecting new invaders or new infestations early enough to eradicate or
confine them.
ATTACHMENTS: 1. Map of area surveyed with populations of the three-toothed
horkelia and Lemmon's catchfly indicated. 2. Copies of rare plant sighting
forms for the horkelia and the catchfly.
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! ! IMPORTANT! !: ATTACH A MAP SHOWING POPULATION (AND SUBPOPULATION) LOCATIONS
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1.::. (; ,p, *" 00 v-
RARE PLANT SIGHTING RECORD
1-/0 r- k d,'fA.. f r; t:f. e.J da..
Date J ~ I 'fC( b Examiner/Affiliation
County/State V~5 O"t'.- 0 f<.
I
Forest R09/Le P:v~r
.. 1./
Project Area USGS Quad.
Legal T 3.9..S R i.E.... Section 2.L _1/4 of the Sw 1/4 subpop.#:_
T ~ R ~ Section ~ _1/4 of the _1/4 subpop.#:_
T ~ R ~ Section ~ 7 _1/4 of the ~1/4 subpop.#____
T ~ R ~ Section ~\ _1/4 of the ~1/4 subpop.#:____
Location -As/'/~ ltY&(.e.r-sie.dl etlJf of' ~eeti..e~ ie.!e.r-voir-- Cc.{{ec,:f,'v~
Directions .See t:Ltf1If_'P~ JU.I//). loc.::/,'fj,
,
Taxon
Site #:
t.U ~fLe- ..t'o/(e..
Ownersh1.p 1.1. j, ,;e:- ~ .
District /'ffL/l~
(
Note: Are subpopulation sighting reports attached?: lLIo If so, some or
all of the information requested below may be entered on subpopulation forms.
Number of individuals 2. cee? ~timat~r Counted?] (circle one)
Population size (Area) --1D llCI"-eS ? ~stimated)or Measured?](circle one)
Phenology: Vegetative___' In bud___' Flowering___' Fruit___' Senescent___%
Age structure: Seed1ing___' Juvenile___' Reproducing___' Non-reproducing___%
Elev. .5 OSC -lfJ..OD (ft.) Aspect Souite,",\~_(degreeS) Slope ,,4.....~o\.lS. (%)
Landform ....i&! ~ ~ ..s. ( 0 iJ e..s Microtopography
Habitat '''5.12.:0 d ~U~~ '6N>.ak~ tI tu/,.c-k. a.,.e y.{")f,,erL ~ barite..&......
a..e.<1..S IH.iL4 o~ Olt. ,.. ti. Q.,( 10 Areue..1- (fJ:(eL. -t.. ~ ,LJ,..tal'll..a + aha' Jl4't.1.nLi2.
I ", I ,
Soil/Substrate ~ e..U;.~ /) 0 t p,.d rr-d....IIl" 'fe.- . ~jJ.e,A,~5
I . , f.J,Jt!) :.et.
Plant Association I; Br-ILS"-
Associated Species (in order of dominance): + ,..O~ A~ 'a.
IIA 1~ e ~ G I Pt>>tt!erc.S~ p,~~ J ~tU1.tt>LP, A~(4...\ {~'"; 11 J.'\J fL
-ff HL5 (~(' ..~ r-Lx, ,Jt-odl.L~PLl 11..1111"" J) JHJ..~r;,p.s. I nt~ ~-,. f,z I
;';epr- ',.urL_ .
Is this is a new visit to a previously reported site?:
the prev~ous reporter's name and date, or a GIS or BCD
r ! IMPORTANT! !: ATTACH A MAP SHOWING POPULATION (AND
(1:24,000 or larger scale)
-r-~.
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.~
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..s I P HL
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
USGS. NOS NOAA
l PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN 1974 AND 1976
42' 30.
J.
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.5
o
KILOMETERS
4S'
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PIlODUCED BY 'IHE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CON [ROt IIY. .. .lISGS. NOS NOAA
CO~ll'ILED FHOM ,'FHIA' PliO I OGHAI'II" I AI<LN 1974 AND 1976
FIELD CIIFTI\Ul 1978 MAl' 11l1111l 1983
1'11I),II:crlON . IAMRFRT CONFORMAL CONIC
GHID" ',MFH:ll lINIVLIl.",1. IIl,\N"VU<"1 ~1I Ht ,\I Oil . lONI 10
!I.FO() I S 11\ I E GHIIl liCKS. OREGON, SOUTH ZONE
llTM 11I'U.INA110N 0.13' fAST
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KllOMETEIlS I
METERS" ------1ii01l
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MilES~=' .
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1000
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1000
2000
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